Abstract: Mechanical rock breaking represented by boring machines is the direction of future development of vertical shaft and roadway excavation technology. In order to ensure the safety of rapid mechanical and intelligent excavation of shaft and roadway, advanced geological exploration is an essential link. The development status and characteristics of conventional advanced geological exploration technology and advanced geological exploration technology during excavation were classified and summarized from the aspects of detection range, applicable conditions, and advantages and disadvantages. Conventional advanced detection techniques each have a certain scope of application and have been well applied in the construction environment of blasting excavation method. When facing the complex construction environment of boring machines, conventional advanced detection techniques are difficult to apply. And advanced geological exploration technology during excavation can synchronously achieve excavation and advanced geological exploration, real-time prediction of unfavorable geology in front of the working face, which is the focus of research on advanced geological exploration technology for mechanized and intelligent excavation of shaft and roadway. The full face excavation machine for vertical shafts is the development direction and trend of comprehensive mechanized shaft sinking. However, its construction environment is very complex, and advanced geological detection based on seismic wave of boring machines rock breaking source is an effective prediction method. The difficulty of advanced detection method for rock breaking source of full face shaft boring machines lies in the dual complexity of construction environment and seismic wave field of rock breaking source. Solutions are proposed from multiple perspectives. For the source pilot signal, adopting multiple methods for joint denoising to suppress interference waves from rock breaking sources. For seismic record signals, a seismic record reconstruction method with cross correlation as the core is adopted to restore the effective wave field. Conduct research on full space three-dimensional detection and high-precision imaging of vertical shafts, etc. In addition, conducting joint inversion with multiple excavation geophysical methods can improve the reliability and interpretation accuracy of geological identification. The development of integrated equipment for excavation and exploration of vertical shaft tunneling machines is the direction of future in-depth research.