Abstract: In order to investigate the control effect of Fe3+、Ni2+ concentration on hydrogen production from coal, this article carried out the experiment of fermenta tion hydrogen production by using hydrogen producing bacteria of coal seam culture in Guhanshan Coal Mine as fermentation bacteria, as well as Yining lignite in Inner Mongolia as carbon source. After the gas production, we measured the production of hydrogen, the dry weight of cells, the degradation rate of coal, the activity of prote ase and hydrogenase. The experimental results showed that the effects of two kinds of ion concentration on hydrogen production were increased first and then decrease d, and the extreme value of gas production were 142.07 m L and 186.78 m L respectively.The coal degradation rate reached the extreme value of 1.65% and 1.35% res pectively at the peak of gas production, which corresponded to the extreme value of protease and hydrogenase activity. At the same time, it was found that the number of stem cells was not completely corresponding to the peak of gas production, which was mainly affected by the different concentrations of Fe3+, and the peak would ru n up to 0.16 g when the concentration of Festreached 10 mg/L. It suggested that the excessive concentration of Festinhibited the reproduction of bacteria. The study re sults showed that Fe3+、Ni2+had apparent controlling effect on the biological hydrogen metabolism of coal, which provided a theoretical basis for deep understanding t he process of microbial degradation of coal.