Abstract: In order to provide the countermeasures for protective development and mining of coal resources，and promote the development of coal resources in Xinjiang to adapt to the environment，this paper summarizes and analyzes the construction planning of China’s coal energy base，the occurrence characteristics of coal resources，the natural ecological environment conditions and the characteristics of existing mining methods in Xinjiang.The analysis shows that Xinjiang has a special geographical environment，which is quite different from the central and eastern China.The geological conditions and characteristics that affect the environmental changes after mining are unknown.The laws of overburden activities and geological disasters caused by coal mining are not clear.The compatibility and mining feasibility of coal development and environment are uncertain.Therefore，in order to study the environmental effects of coal resources exploitation in Xinjiang，we need to focus on three key issues：the compatibility of coal resources exploitation and natural ecological environment，the reversibility of mining methods affecting ecological elements and systems，and the exploitability of coal resources considering the environmental value of resources.In view of the insufficient research on the coordinated development of coal resources and ecological environment in Xinjiang and the situation that the regional environmental capacity has formed a backwardness mechanism on the scale and layout of coal resources development，this paper puts forward the strategy of combining the macro development strategy and micro mining technology of coal resources in Xinjiang，with the emphasis on strengthening the characteristics of coal resources occurrence，hydrological cycle and water resources transformation，and fragile characteristics of ecological environment in Xinjiang，the combination types of coal resources，water resources and natural ecological environment are divided； the suggestions for the study of laws of overburden activities and geological disasters caused by coal mining，the damage mechanism of ecological environment and the coal resource minability in Xinjiang considering the value of resources and environment and the technical and economic conditions are put forward.These research results will have important practical significance for optimizing the layout of coal industry，making a reasonable coal development plan，selecting a suitable mining method，and delimiting the ecological red line according to local conditions.At the same time，they should increase the ecological environment protection of mining areas，research and promote the green mining technology of mines，and promote the sustainable development of coal industry in Xinjiang.