接种菌根对采煤沉陷区苜蓿生长及土壤改良影响研究
Research on effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on alfalfa growth and soil improvement in mining subsidence area
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摘要: 采煤沉陷造成地表土壤质量下降，影响矿区植物生长和根际环境，丛枝菌根真菌作为一类有益的共生真菌对植物生长有促进作用。为评价采煤沉陷区人工接种菌根的生态效应及作用时效，以神东矿区活鸡兔矿沉陷区内接种菌根真菌的紫花苜蓿为研究对象，采用田间试验和室内分析方法，测定接种丛枝菌根真菌处理和未接菌处理植物株高、叶片绿色度（SPAD值）、生物量、菌根侵染率、菌丝密度、根际土壤性状及其相互关系，研究了较长时间内接种丛枝菌根真菌对紫花苜蓿生长及根际土壤性状的影响。结果表明：复垦4年后，与未接菌处理相比，接种菌根处理显著提高了植物株高、SPAD值、生物量，分别提高了18.2%、8.3%、10.4%。紫花苜蓿可以与丛枝菌根真菌形成良好共生关系，接种菌根真菌4年后接菌处理植物菌根侵染率和菌丝密度显著高于未接菌处理，菌根侵染率和菌丝密度较未接菌处理分别提高了35%、34.1%。接种菌根改善了根际土壤性状，有效提高了土壤含水量，较对照分别提高7.5%，同时土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质、磷酸酶活性较对照分别显著提高了21.4%、20.7%、22.5%、36.9%。相关性分析表明，菌根侵染率与株高、生物量、磷酸酶、速效磷含量呈显著正相关，菌丝密度与SPAD值、有机质呈显著正相关，与株高、生物量呈极显著正相关。复垦4年后，接种菌根真菌可显著促进紫花苜蓿生长，提高了植株生物量，同时有效改善了根际土壤质量，具有较好的生态效应。Abstract: Coal mining subsidence leads to the degradation of surface soil quality and affect plant growth and rhizosphere environment in mining areas.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi， as a kind of beneficial symbiotic fungi， can promote plant growth.In order to evaluate the ecological effect and time-effect of artificial mycorrhizal inoculation in coal mining subsidence area，we take alfalfa planted in Huojitu subsidence area of Shendong Coal Mining Area for 4 years as the research object， and investigated plant height， SPAD， above-ground biomass，infection rate， mycelium density as well as rhizosphere soil characteristics between the inoculation treatment and the control treatment and their interrelationships.We also study the effect of AMF inoculation on alfalfa growth and rhizosphere soil characteristics in coal mining subsidence areas.The results showed that AMF inoculation treatment increased the plant height， SPAD and biomass by 18.2%， 8.3% and 10.4% compared with the control， respectively.Alfalfa could form a good symbiotic relationship with AMF， and the mycorrhizal infection rate and mycelium density was increased by 35% and 34.1% compared with the control group， respectively.Inoculation of mycorrhiza improved rhizosphere soil characters， the inoculation treatment significantly enhanced soil available nitrogen， available phosphorus， organic matter， phosphatase activities by 21.4%， 20.7%， 22.5%， 36.9%， respectively.Correlation analysis showed that mycorrhizal infection rate was significantly positively correlated with plant height， biomass， phosphatase and available phosphorus， while mycelium density was significantly positively correlated with SPAD and organic matter，and showed a highly significant correlation with plant height and biomass.After 4 a reclamation， inoculation of mycorrhiza could significantly promote the growth of alfalfa， increase plant biomass， and effectively improve the quality of rhizosphere soil， which has good ecological effect.
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