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深部开采高盐矿井水减排治理技术体系构建与实现

Construction and implementation of emission reduction and treatment technology system in deep mining of high salt mine water

  • 摘要: 近年来,随着我国煤矿矿井水排放标准的不断提高,针对高盐矿井水处理及资源化利用方面的技术创新需求进一步提升。减少矿井水尤其是高盐矿井水的排放、提高矿井水的可利用性是提高煤炭生产安全、加快绿色矿山建设、促进煤炭企业可持续发展的重要保障。针对张双楼煤矿深部开采过程中面临的矿井水涌水量大、矿化度高、处理利用成本高等问题,提出了该矿高盐矿井水以“减量、储存、净化”为核心的减排治理技术体系,即:通过底板涌水封堵减量技术对已有残余涌水点进行减量封堵,从源头上减少高盐矿井水的排放;通过矿井水深层回灌储存与保水修复技术将高盐矿井涌水进行深部转移储存,助力实现矿井水“零排放”与深层地下水的保水修复;通过采空区煤岩自净与调蓄技术进行高盐矿井水的煤岩自净预处理,并进一步通过地面深度脱盐处理技术,实现高盐矿井水净化处理以及资源化利用或达标排放。同时,结合该矿的水文地质背景、矿井涌水规律以及矿井水处理利用现状,对以上技术在该矿应用实现的可行性和途径进行了综合分析与评价:通过底板涌水封堵减量技术的实施,实现了188 m3/h的底板四灰涌水减量治理;通过深层回灌储存技术,西翼采区能够实现对奥灰含水层200 m3/h的回灌储存与保水修复;通过采空区煤岩自净预处理与调蓄技术,东翼采区可蓄存约165万m3矿井水并进行特征组分的井下预处理;通过地面深度脱盐处理技术,矿井水处理能力达到700 m3/h,每年可减少盐排量14 271.5 t。最后,提出并形成了张双楼煤矿高盐矿井水减排治理的综合技术思路。张双楼煤矿高盐矿井水减排治理技术体系的提出,可为该矿及其他类似深部开采煤矿高盐矿井水的减量治理以及资源化利用提供理论基础与技术借鉴依据。

     

    Abstract: With the improvement of mine water discharge standards, the demand for technological innovation in mine water treatment and resource utilization has been further enhanced. Reducing the discharge of mine water, especially high salt mine water, and improving the availability of mine water are important guarantees for improving coal production safety, accelerating green mine construction, and promoting sustainable development of coal enterprises. Focused on the problems of high water inflow, high salinity and high cost of treatment and utilization during deep mining of Zhangshuanglou Coalmine, a treatment technology system of mine water emission reduction in high salt mine with “reduction, storage and purification” as the core was put forward: Blocking the water inflow points through the floor water inflow blocking reduction technology to reduce the discharge of high salt mine water from the source; Through the deep reinjection technology of mine water, some mine water will be transferred and stored in depth to realize the “zero discharge” and water conservation of mine water; Through the technology of coal and rock self-purification in goaf, the high-salt mine water is carried out by regulation and storage; Through surface deep desalting treatment technology, high salt mine water purification treatment, resource utilization or standard discharge can be realized. Further, combined with the hydrogeological background of the mine, the law of mine water gushing and the status quo of mine water treatment and utilization, the feasibility of the application of the above technology in the mine was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated: Through the implementation of floor water gushing plugging reduction technology, the reduction treatment of 188 m3/h floor four ash gushing water was realized; Through deep reinjection technology, 200 m3/h recharge storage and water conservation restoration of Ordovician limestone aquifer can be realized in the west wing mining area;  About 1.65 million m3 of mine water can be stored in the east wing mining area through self-cleaning pretreatment of coal and rock in goaf and regulation storage technology, and the underground pretreatment of characteristic components can be carried out; Through the surface deep desalination treatment technology, the mine water treatment capacity reaches 700 m3/h, and the annual salt discharge can be reduced by 14 271.5 t. Finally, the comprehensive technical idea of water emission reduction treatment of high salt mine in Zhangshuanglou Coalmine is put forward. The proposal of the water emission reduction treatment technology system of the high-salt mine in Zhangshuanglou Coalmine can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the water reduction treatment and resource utilization of high-salt mine in Zhangshuanglou Coalmine and other similar deep mining coal mines.

     

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