Solving hydrogeological parameters of thick sandstone based on various analytical and numerical methods
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摘要:
在煤矿开采过程中，矿井涌（突）水等事故不仅会造成巨大的经济损失，还严重威胁工作人员的生命安全。水文地质参数在计算矿井涌水量过程中扮演着重要角色，因此，准确测定含水层的水文地质参数对于煤矿防治水等工作具有重要意义。为了获取更加贴近实际的矿区顶板巨厚洛河组砂岩含水层的水文地质参数，以新庄煤矿洛河组巨厚砂岩含水层上、下段的抽水试验资料为依托，采用传统的非稳定流的Theis公式法、Jacob直线图解法和水位恢复法等解析法，结合实际场地特征，计算出洛河组砂岩含水层上、下段的渗透系数分别为0.22～0.59 和0.03～0.35 m/d；上段导水系数为128.74～373.67 m2/d，下段为5.52～47.07 m2/d；上段的贮水系数为2.22×10−4～6.69×10−3，下段为6.53×10−5～3.29×10−3。并通过FEFLOW软件建立新庄矿区的地下水流数值模型，求解洛河组含水层的水文地质参数，得到洛河组上、下段渗透系数分别为0.55和0.45 m/d。通过多种方法对比分析表明，通过数值模拟法得到的水文地质参数结果与多种解析法计算的结果相近。在此基础上，根据各方法得出的水文地质参数计算矿井涌水量，并与实际涌水量进行对比，结果表明:在含水层上段，采用数值模拟法得到的水文地质参数计算的涌水量更加接近实际涌水量；而在洛河组下段，采用Jacob直线图解法得到的水文地质参数计算的涌水量更加接近实际涌水量。进一步提高了水文地质参数计算的准确度，为后期的含水层富水性研究、矿井涌水量预测以及类似矿区顶板巨厚洛河组砂岩含水层的矿井水防治工作提供依据。
Abstract:In the process of coal mining, accidents such as water inrush in mines can not only cause huge economic losses, but also seriously threaten the safety of workers. Hydrogeological parameters play an important role in calculating the amount of water inflow in mines. Therefore, accurately measuring the hydrogeological parameters of aquifers is of great significance for coal mine water prevention and control work. In order to obtain more practical hydrogeological parameters of the thick sandstone aquifer in the Luohe Formation of the mining area roof, based on the pumping test data of the upper and lower sections of the Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer in Xinzhuang Coal Mine, traditional analytical methods such as Theis formula method, Jacob line diagram method, and water level restoration method for unstable flow were used, and combined with the actual site characteristics, the upper and lower sections of the Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer were calculated The permeability coefficients of the lower section are 0.22～0.59 and 0.03～0.35 m/d respectively; The upper section has a hydraulic conductivity coefficient of 128.74-373.67 m2/d, while the lower section has a conductivity coefficient of 5.52-47.07 m2/d; The water storage coefficient of the upper section is 2.22×10−4-6.69×10−3, the lower paragraph is 6.53× 10−5-3.29×10−3. And a numerical model of groundwater flow in the Xinzhuang mining area was established using FEFLOW software to solve the hydrogeological parameters of the Luohe Formation aquifer. The permeability coefficients of the upper and lower sections of the Luohe Formation were obtained to be 0.55 and 0.45m/d, respectively. By comparing and analyzing various methods, it is shown that the hydrogeological parameters obtained through numerical simulation are similar to the results calculated by various analytical methods. On this basis, the mine water inflow was calculated based on the hydrogeological parameters obtained by various methods, and compared with the actual water inflow. The results showed that in the upper section of the aquifer, the hydrogeological parameters calculated using numerical simulation method were closer to the actual water inflow; In the lower section of the Luohe Formation, the hydrogeological parameters calculated using Jacob's line diagram method are closer to the actual water inflow. This further improves the accuracy of hydrogeological parameter calculation, providing a basis for later research on aquifer water abundance, prediction of mine water inflow, and mine water prevention and control work in similar mining areas with thick sandstone aquifers in the Luohe Formation.
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图 1 洛河组上段Theis公式法s-t配线图
Figure 1. Theis formula method s-t diagram for the upper section of the luohe formation
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图 2 洛河组下段Theis公式法s-t配线图
Figure 2. Theis formula method s-t diagram for the lower section of the luohe formation
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图 6 含水层模拟流场与实际流场对比
Figure 6. Comparison of simulated and actual flow fields in aquifers
表 1 钻孔参数
Table 1 Drilling parameters
钻孔 孔径/mm 深度/m 钻孔类型 X1 445 0～230.00 抽水孔 345 230.00～469.00 245 469.00～742.00 152 742.00～918.65 X2 311 0～470.00 观测孔 190 470.00～742.00 152 742.00～935.41 X3 393 0～191.00 抽水孔 345 191.00～430.00 245 430.00～730.00 152 730.00～893.93 X4 311 0～423.00 观测孔 190 423.00～730.00 152 730.00～886.42 
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表 2 抽水时间表
Table 2 Pumping schedule h
抽水过程 上段 下段 X1与X2 X3与X4 X1与X2 X3与X4 抽水 稳定 抽水 稳定 抽水 稳定 抽水 稳定 第一次降深 40 10 50 11 49 10 51 10 第二次降深 15 8 17 8 12 8 20 9 第三次降深 29 13 13 9 12 9 12 8
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表 3 各解析法水文地质参数计算
Table 3 Calculation table of hydrogeological parameters for various analytical methods
含水层 钻孔 渗透系数K/（m·d−1） 导水系数T/ (m2·d−1) 贮水系数S Theis公式法 Jacob直线图解法 水位恢复法 Theis公式法 Jacob直线图解法 水位恢复法 Theis公式法 Jacob直线图解法 水位恢复法 上段 X1 0.47 0.4 0.59 297.67 253.34 373.67 5.57×10−3 6.69×10−3 4.28×10−3 X3 0.27 0.26 0.22 158.00 152.15 128.74 2.22×10−4 4.36×10−4 3.66×10−4 下段 X1 0.35 0.22 0.33 47.07 29.59 44.38 1.67×10−3 3.29×10−3 0.98×10−3 X3 0.09 0.03 0.04 12.43 4.14 5.52 7.15×10−5 8.58×10−5 6.53×10−5
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