Abstract: Water conservation restoration and protection has always been a weak link in the whole life cycle management and ecological environmental protection from open-pit mining to pit closure, which involves more complex water problems in the complex environment of multidisciplinary and multi-circle environments in alpine permafrost areas, among which the analysis and research of interconnected hydrological processes is a huge challenge. On the basis of a brief analysis of the influencing factors of water transport and conservation in the natural environment and alpine permafrost environment and the impact of mining activities on water transport and conservation, this paper focuses on the analysis of the water transport and conservation mechanism in three cases: the impact of water transmission and conservation in the natural environment, the damage impact of open-pit mine production activities, and artificial restoration and protection.Based on the idea of comprehensive contact analysis and problem finding and the principle of comprehensive system governance, the concept of water transmission and conservation system is proposed, and the model construction of open-pit mine water transmission and conservation system is proposed from three basic frameworks: ① from the treatment area to more than 20 combination modes connected with natural water systems and the basic applicable conditions of different types of objects, the construction of surface water system connection and overlapping top-level system is proposed; ② According to the positioning of functional units such as approximate in-situ conservation, catchment transmission, water transmission, and transmission and drainage channels, the construction of ecological interception and drainage network was proposed from the spatial distribution style of ecological interception and drainage ditches, different interception and drainage ditches, and the partitioning of water transmission and drainage backbone network, catchment branch network, and functional units. ③ The underlying design of the in-situ water conservation system reconstruction is supported by the concepts of micro-geomorphic shaping, surface capillary network and vertical multi-ecological geological layer reconstruction. Based on the above research, taking Well No. 5 as an example, it is planned to be divided into 10 functional units, so as to realize the readjustment and distribution of the spatial distribution of surface water recharge and discharge under the guidance of zoning, and finally form a new surface water transmission and conservation system of Well No. 5. The purpose of this study is to provide a new systematic thought and method support for the restoration and protection of open pit in the high frozen soil area.