神东矿区煤炭开采对植被净初级生产力的影响

牛鸿波; 田少国; 祖鹏举; 曹满红; 曲少东; 董起广; 李冰倩; 姜泽玉; 毕银丽; 岳辉

doi:10.12438/cst.2023-1026

摘要: 神东矿区煤炭开采对当地生态环境，特别是植被生长，产生了重要影响。为了定量描述这种影响，该研究利用区域蒸散模型，计算神东矿区潜在净初级生产力（Potential Net Primary Productivity，P_NP,p），并利用MODIS17A3数据集（2001—2022年）表征实际净初级生产力（Actual Net Primary Productivity，P_NP,a），同时结合中国陆地生态系统逐月净初级生产力栅格数据集（P_NP,al，1988—2015年），采用地理加权回归(Geographically weighted regression, GWR)模型构建校正方法，对P_NP,al进行校正获取1988—2000年的P_NP,a数据，以二者之差（Human Net Primary Productivity）P_NP,h表征煤炭开采的影响，评估了神东矿区煤炭开采对植被P_NP的影响。结果表明：①利用GWR模型校正的P_NP,al数据精度约为0.76，校正后的P_NP,al数据与MODIS17A3数据集具有较强的空间相关性，说明了校正模型精度的可靠性；②神东矿区的整体上P_NP,a和P_NP,h表现为先下降后逐渐恢复的趋势，但植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity ，P_NP）并未恢复至采矿前水平。采矿前P_NP,h均值和采矿后P_NP,h均值分别为21.50 g/m²、−60.20 g/m²，P_NP,h<0表明矿区P_NP植被生长受到采矿活动的干扰，发生退化的矿井主要分布在高强度开采区域（以C计，下同）；③1996—2022年神东矿区P_NP值的变化主要受气候变化和人类活动的共同影响，人类活动和气候变化对生态退化的占比分别为35.7%、8.2%， 1996—2015年人类活动贡献率指数（Relative Contribution Index， I_\mathrmR\mathrmC ）主要集中在0.5左右，表明煤炭开采对植被退化占主导作用，2016年后光伏电站建设对P_NP的影响表现出促进作用。该研究有助于理解煤炭开采对植被净初级生产力动态变化的影响，并为神东矿区的植被恢复和高质量发展提供科学依据。

Abstract: Coal mining in Shendong Mining area has an important impact on the local ecological environment, especially the growth of vegetation. In order to describe this effect quantitatively, this study uses a regional evapotranspiration model to calculate the Potential Net Primary Productivity (P_NP,p) of the Shendong mining area. MODIS17A3 dataset (2001—2022) was used to characterize the Actual Net Primary Productivity (P_NP,a), and combined with the monthly net primary productivity raster dataset of terrestrial ecosystems in China (P_NP,al, 1988—2015), using GWR model construction correction method to correct P_NP,al to obtain 1988—2000 P_NP,a data, and using the difference between the two P_NP,h to characterize the impact of coal mining. The effect of coal mining on vegetation P_NP in Shendong mining area was evaluated. The results show that: ① the accuracy of P_NP,al data corrected by GWR model is about 0.76, and the corrected P_NP,al data has a strong spatial correlation with the MODIS17A3 dataset, which indicates the reliability of the accuracy of the corrected model; ② The overall P_NP,a and P_NP,h of Shendong mining area showed a trend of decreasing first and then recovering gradually, but the P_NP of vegetation did not recover to the pre-mining level. The mean values of P_NP,h before mining and P_NP,h after mining are 21.50 g/m² and −60.20 g/m², respectively. P_NP,h<0 indicates that P_NP vegetation growth in mining areas is disturbed by mining activities, and the degraded mines are mainly distributed in high-intensity mining areas (calculated in C, the same below). ③ The change of P_NP value in Shendong mining area from 1996 to 2022 is mainly influenced by climate change and human activities. The proportion of human activities and climate change to ecological degradation is 35.7% and 8.2%, respectively. The I_\mathrmR\mathrmC from 1996 to 2015 is mainly about 0.5, indicating that coal mining plays a leading role in vegetation degradation. After 2016, the impact of photovoltaic power plant construction on P_NP showed a promoting effect. This study is helpful to understand the impact of coal mining on the dynamic change of net primary productivity of vegetation, and provides scientific basis for vegetation restoration and high-quality development in Shendong mining area.

神东矿区煤炭开采对植被净初级生产力的影响

Effect of coal mining on net primary productivity of vegetation in Shendong Mining Area