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天然弱面对瓦斯抽采水平井压裂多裂缝扩展的影响

The influence of natural weak surface on the extension of multiple fractures during fracturing of gas extraction horizontal Wells

  • 摘要: 针对碎软低渗煤层待掘煤巷条带瓦斯高效抽采难题,提出待掘煤巷条带顶板水平井分段压裂高效预抽瓦斯技术。为实现瓦斯无空白带均衡抽采,基于分段多簇压裂的裂缝网络构建是技术成功的关键。为研究煤系地层中的多裂缝扩展形态,分析了煤系地层天然弱面发育特征,建立了天然弱面对多裂缝扩展形态的判别式,并采用有限元方法分析了单一天然弱面和多天然弱面对多裂缝扩展的影响。结果表明:煤层及顶底板岩层中发育有大量裂隙、层理、界面等天然弱面,影响着水力压裂裂缝的扩展形态;裂缝与天然弱面的相互作用受原场地应力、已形成裂缝的诱导应力和裂缝尖端应力场的共同影响;天然弱面距预置裂缝距离小时能够诱导裂缝起裂并迅速取得扩展优势,距离大时能够诱导多裂缝扩展呈复杂形态;小角度天然弱面能够诱导附近裂缝快速扩展,角度为90°时不影响缝间干扰。多天然弱面发育条件下,应力差低时易形成以天然弱面为主的缝网,应力差大时易形成较为简单的单一裂缝;天然弱面密度大、形态复杂时易形成缝网,地应力对缝网形态影响不大。工程应用表明,试验井水力压裂形成了覆盖待掘煤巷条带的缝网,日产气量已达1 708 m3,且正处于产气量上升阶段,具有良好抽采前景。

     

    Abstract: In view of the difficult problem of strip gas extraction in coal roadways of broken soft and low permeability coal seam, this paper puts forward the technology of segment fracturing and high efficient pre-gas extraction in horizontal wells of strip roof of coal roadways of coal roadways.For balanced gas extraction without blank zone, fracture network construction based on segmented multi-cluster fracturing is the key to technical success.In order to study the propagation patterns of multi-fractures in coal measures strata, the development characteristics of natural weak surface in coal measures strata are analyzed, and the discriminant formula of natural weak surface to multi-fractures propagation patterns is established, the influence of single natural weak surface and multi-natural weak surface on multi-fracture propagation is analyzed by finite element method.The results show that there are a lot of natural weak planes such as fissures, bedding and interfaces in coal seam and roof and floor strata, which affect the propagation of hydraulic fracture.The interaction between fracture and natural weak surface is affected by in-situ stress, induced stress of fracture and stress field of fracture tip.The natural weak surface can induce the initiation and rapid propagation of fractures when the distance between the natural weak surface and the preset fracture is small, while the natural weak surface with small angle can induce the rapid propagation of nearby fractures when the distance is large, when the angle is 90 ° , the interference between slits is not affected.Under the condition of multi-natural weak surface, the fracture net is easy to form when the stress difference is low, and easy to form a simple single fracture when the stress difference is large, and easy to form the fracture net when the density of natural weak surface is high and the shape is complex, the in-situ stress has little effect on the form of fracture net.The engineering application shows that the hydraulic fracturing in the test well has formed a seam net covering the coal roadways to be driven, and the daily gas production is in the rising stage, and has reached 1708m3, which has a good prospect of extraction.

     

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