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煤层裂缝网络联通性对其中支撑剂输送的影响

Effects of fracture network connectivity in coal seams on proppant transport

  • 摘要: 煤层气开发过程中采用的水平井分段多簇压裂会在煤层内与割理共同形成复杂裂缝网络,且由于割理发育和开启程度不同,各簇缝网之间的联通性存在差异,直接影响支撑剂在缝网内的输送。为了探究煤层内各簇缝网的联通情况对支撑剂铺置情况的影响,建立了联通和未联通两种裂缝网络,该裂缝网络由水平井段串联两簇水力裂缝并与正交割理组合,两簇缝网之间的联通情况取决于二级裂缝的联通性。在考虑支撑剂球度的基础上,采用Eulerian-Eulerian的多相流模型中的Mixture模型模拟不同携砂液黏度、携砂液排量和支撑剂粒径条件下联通和未联通裂缝网络中支撑剂在各级裂缝中的分布特征,并对比两种裂缝网络中支撑剂的填砂比例明确裂缝网络联通性对裂缝内支撑剂铺置特征的影响。模拟结果表明,由于联通缝网中分别由两簇裂缝进入的携砂液在缝网联通部分互相干扰,该联通部分几乎没有支撑剂分布。但是与未联通裂缝相比,支撑剂在联通缝网的主裂缝内输送距离更远。就裂缝网络整体的填砂比例而言,未联通缝网的整体填砂比例要远高于联通缝网,在本研究的模拟参数条件下平均高出53.3%。联通和未联通裂缝网络中各级裂缝内铺砂浓度小于5%的区域均占较大比例,其次是铺砂浓度大于10%的区域,铺砂浓度介于5%~10%的区域最小。同时降低携砂液黏度、提高携砂液排量、使用粒径较小的支撑剂均可以有效改善两种缝网中支撑剂的铺置情况,特别是联通缝网中携砂液排量应不小于12 m3/min,支撑剂粒径不大于100 目(0.15 mm)。

     

    Abstract: The horizontal well staged multi-cluster fracturing used in the development of coalbed methane could jointly form a complex fracture network with cleats in the coal seam. Due to the different density and aperture of cleats, there are differences in the connectivity between various clusters of fracture networks, which directly affects the proppants transport within the fracture network. In order to explore the influence of the connectivity of various clusters of fracture networks in coal seams on the placement of proppants, two types of fracture networks, connected and unconnected, were established. The fracture network consists of two clusters of hydraulic fractures connected in series by a horizontal well section and combined with orthogonal cleats. The connectivity between the two clusters of fracture networks depends on the connectivity of secondary fractures. Considering the proppants sphericity, the Mixture model in the multiphase flow model of Eulerian Eulerian is used to simulate the distribution characteristics of proppants in different levels of fractures in connected and unconnected fracture networks under different slurry viscosity, slurry displacements, and proppant particle sizes. The sand filling ratio of proppants in these two types of fracture networks is compared to clarify the influence of network connectivity on the proppants distribution in fractures. The simulation results indicate that due to the interference between the sand carrying fluids entering from two clusters of fractures in the connecting part of the fracture network, there is almost no proppant in this connecting part. However, compared to unconnected fracture networks, the proppant is transported further within the main fracture of the connected fracture network. In terms of the total sand filling ratio of the fracture network, the sand filling ratio of the unconnected fracture network is much higher than that of the connected fracture network, with an average increase of 53.3% under the simulation parameter conditions of this study. In both connected and unconnected fracture networks, areas with sand concentration less than 5% in each level of fracture account for a large proportion, followed by areas with sand concentration greater than 10%, and areas with sand concentration between 5% and 10% have the smallest proportion. Further, reducing the slurry viscosity, increasing the slurry displacement, and using smaller particle size proppants can effectively improve the proppants distribution in both types of fracture networks. Especially, the slurry displacement in the interconnected fracture network should not be less than 12 m3/min, and the particle size of the proppant should not larger than 100 mesh.

     

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