Abstract: In the process of coal production, transportation, processing and use, it is easy to produce dust clouds, and it is easy to have explosion accidents when encountering ignition sources. Taking long flame coal in Haizemiao Coal Mine as the research object, the oxidation and explosion characteristic parameters of pulverized coal were studied by TG-DSC test and 20 L explosive spheres. The changes of functional groups of pulverized coal before and after explosion were measured by FTIR. Combined with Chemkin-pro, the reaction path of pulverized coal explosion, the sensitivity of pressure under different equivalent ratio and the change of free radical yield were simulated, and the mechanism of pulverized coal explosion reaction was revealed. The results show that the weight loss is accelerated at 300℃ and the total loss is 93.1%. When the concentration of pulverized coal is 500 g/m³, the maximum explosion pressure reaches 0.57 MPa and the rise rate of the maximum explosion pressure is 318.38 MPa /s. In the process of pulverized coal explosion, the chemical bond between the oxygen-containing functional group and the aliphatic hydrocarbon is broken, the flammable gas is released and the free radical fragment is formed. In the explosion process, three kinds of free radical coupling reactions: ·HO₂+·H=·OH. The free radical yield affects P_max and (dp/dt)_max. Pulverized coal produces combustible gas and produces chain reaction with free radicals, generating energy to accelerate the process of explosive reaction. The research results provide a reference for the analysis of pulverized coal explosion accidents.