Abstract: In view of the energy occurrence structure of “rich coal, poor oil and little gas” in China, and the situation that coal will occupy the dominant position of energy consumption for a long time,The development history of frozen shaft mechanized drilling and blasting is reviewed in the field of coal mining in China. As the main construction method of shaft construction, the application of dynamite greatly improves the drilling efficiency of frozen shaft. The application of supporting large mechanized equipment such as umbrella drilling, rock grabbing machine loading, large derrick and equipment hoisting, and large formwork building, greatly improve the wellbore completion speed; Shaft drilling rig, reverse drilling rig and shaft boring machine as special shaft sinking methods under special formation conditions, also have their own application range. Aiming at the characteristics of water-rich weakly consolidated formation and the development trend of smart mine in western China, there are shortcomings in using freezing & borehole-blasting method and large drilling equipment to develop the shaft of weakly consolidated formation at kilometer level, while using freezing & shaft boring machine is one of the trends of ultra-deep shaft construction. Combining with the construction cases of freezing & shaft boring machine abroad, reasonable suggestions are put forward for shaft excavation of water-rich weak consolidated rock formation in western China. The freezing wall thickness and strength are calculated according to the current design theory, the permanent shaft support adopts double-layer reinforced concrete wall structure, the rock-breaking form of shaft boring machine under low temperature environment, and the method of hierarchical slag discharge to realize the parallel operation of digging - supporting - transporting. Finally, the next research focus of this construction method is put forward. The synergistic mechanism between shaft wall structure and weakly consolidated surrounding rock should be clarified to realize optimization of shaft wall structure, and the support - operation cooperation mode of shaft boring machine to improve shaft excavation and support efficiency and improve informatization level. Realize shaft driving towards mechanization and intelligence.