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水射流辅助滚刀破岩最佳射流角度数值模拟

Numerical simulation of the optimal jet angle of water jet assisted disc cutter rock breaking

  • 摘要: 为解决传统滚刀施工过程中遇到超高强度岩石时存在掘进困难、刀具磨损严重和破岩效率低等问题,高压水射流因其对硬岩可产生良好的破碎效果,成为一种有效提高破岩效率的手段。水射流与滚刀的布置将直接影响滚刀荷载以及破岩比能耗等指标。针对水射流辅助滚刀最佳破岩冲击角度的合理确定,构建了泰森多边形算法的等效晶质岩石材料的颗粒簇离散元模型,采用PFC(Particle Flow Code)数值分析了不同水射流冲击角度辅助破岩下裂纹数目、岩石应力和破岩比能耗等变化规律,进一步获得了水射流冲击角度对辅助滚刀破岩效率的影响规律。结果表明:预切缝底端是滚刀破岩过程中的应力集中区域,预切缝的存在影响裂纹优先向其底端扩展,预切缝长度的增加可以有效降低滚刀荷载,但此规律随着预切缝长度的增加而逐步减弱,与无切缝相比,有预切缝存在的岩石破碎时峰值荷载降低了6.11%~17.60%;预切缝长度对破岩比能耗的影响存在界限值20 mm,超过界限值后,预切缝长度对岩石破坏行为影响能力减弱;改变水射流冲击角度能明显改变滚刀破岩效果,破岩比能大小随水射流冲击角度的增大呈现“V”字形曲线发展,在水射流冲击角度75°辅助下获得最佳破岩效果。水射流冲击角度的合理选择,有助于提高TBM刀具寿命,研究成果能够为硬岩地质条件下TBM刀盘结构中水射流系统和喷嘴角度合理的布置提供理论参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to solve the problems of difficulty in tunneling, serious tool loss and low efficiency of breaking ultra-high strength rock encountered in the construction process of traditional hob, high-pressure water jet has become a new method to improve the efficiency of rock breaking beacuse of its good crush effect on hard rock. The arrangement of water jet and cutter would directly affect the force of cutter and the specific energy of rock breaking. Aiming at the reasonable determination of the optimal rock breaking impact angle of water jet assisted hob, a discrete element model of equivalent crystalline rock material based on Thiessen polygon algorithm was built. PFC(Particle Flow Code) was used to numerically analyze the variation laws of crack number, rock stress and specific energy of rock breaking under different water jet impact angles.These can further obtained water jet impact angle on rock breaking efficiency of disc cutter. The results show that: The bottom of the notch is the stress concentration area in the process of rock breaking by the hob, the existence of pre-cut slit affects the crack to preferentially expand to its bottom. The increase of pre-cut slit length can reduce the hob load, but the effect is gradually weakened with increase length of the pre-cut slit, and the normal load of the rock sample with pre-cut slit is reduced by 6.11%−17.60% compared with that without slit. The increase of pre-cut slit length can reduce the hob load, but the effect is gradually weakened with increase length of the pre-cut slit. There is a threshold value of 20 mm for the influence of the pre-cut slit length on the specific energy of rock breaking, beyond this threshold value, the influence ability of pre-cut slit length on the failure of the rock sample is weakened. Change of the impact angle of the water jet can significantly change the rock breaking effect of the hob. The specific energy of rock breaking develops in a “V” shape curve with the increase of impact angle of the water jet. The best rock breaking effect is obtained with the assistance of water jet impact angle of 75°. The reasonable selection of water jet impact angle can contribute to improve the TBM tool life. Results can provide theoretical reference for the arrangement of water jet system and nozzle angle in TBM cutter head structure under hard rock geological conditions.

     

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