厚松散层矿区开采沉陷拉伸区域土体内部变形演化规律研究 以淮北孙疃煤矿为例

蔡毅; 沈华章; 黄厚旭; 严家平; 蔡国军; 蔡永祥; 杨博; 孙斌杨

doi:10.12438/cst.2024-0645

厚松散层矿区开采沉陷拉伸区域土体内部变形演化规律研究—以淮北孙疃煤矿为例

蔡毅^{1, 2,},
沈华章¹,
黄厚旭¹,
严家平^3, ,,
蔡国军^{1, 2},
蔡永祥¹,
杨博¹,
孙斌杨⁴

1.
安徽建筑大学土木工程学院, 安徽合肥　230601
2.
安徽建筑大学安徽省智能地下探测技术研究院, 安徽合肥　230601
3.
安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 安徽淮南　232001
4.
安徽理工大学地球与环境学院, 安徽淮南　232001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（42307203）；安徽省高校省级自然科学研究重大资助项目（2022AH040043）；安徽省高校中青年教师培养行动资助项目（YQZD2023051）

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡毅: （1988—），男，安徽淮南人，讲师，博士。E-mail：yicai633@163.com

通讯作者:
严家平: （1954—），男，安徽淮南人，教授，博士生导师。E-mail：jpyan@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD325
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-14
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-24

Study on evolution law of internal deformation of soil mass corresponding to subsidence stretching area of thick loose layer mining areas：a case of Suntuan Coal Mine in Huaibei

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
2.
Anhui Institute of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
3.
School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
4.
School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (42307203)；Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province (2022AH040043)；Anhui Province College Young and Middle aged Teacher Training Action Project (YQZD2023051)

摘要

摘要:
为了研究厚松散层矿区开采沉陷拉伸区域相应土体内部变形演化规律，针对淮北孙疃煤矿10111，沿垂直于工作面推进方向，于拟采空区地表投影区域外侧（拉伸区域）以60 m间隔由近及远布设1 ～ 3号竖向钻孔；采煤沉陷过程中基于光纤（1号钻孔）、测斜仪（2 ～ 3号钻孔）技术开展钻孔变形监测；将煤炭开采引发移动的上覆岩层与松散层所占区域视为变形区，并引入任意厚度地层移动角的概念，分析开采沉陷拉伸区域相应松散层变形演化特征。结果表明：1号钻孔发生应变的最大孔深约157 m，且钻孔深部较浅部先达到活跃期；2、3号钻孔孔口最终累计水平位移量分别为129.8 mm和99.4 mm，最大位移深度分别约为108 m和75 m；2、3号钻孔监测范围内地层从下至上均可分为稳定段、变形区下段、中段与上段；2、3号钻孔从下至上水平位移量总体分布较均匀，每米深钻孔的平均水平位移量分别约为1.2 mm和1.3 mm；2、3号钻孔变形区下段均先于上段达到活跃期，且变形区下段稳定后上段仍有微弱变形；松散层内一定厚度地层，其地层移动角随地层深度的增加而增加，松散层变形区下边界的深度h随着与工作面水平距离l的增加而减小，h与l满足指数函数关系。
- 厚松散层矿区 /
- 拉伸区域 /
- 土体内部变形 /
- 光纤监测 /
- 钻孔测斜
Abstract:
To study the internal deformation evolution law of soil mass corresponding to subsidence stretching area of mining areas with thick loose layer, the No.10111-working face of Suntuan coal mine in Huaibei is selected, and No.1—3 vertical boreholes are arranged at 60 m spacing along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction from the near to the distant for the loose layer corresponding to stretching area of the working face. In the process of coal mining subsidence, the borehole deformation monitoring is carried out based on the technology of optical fiber (borehole No.1) and inclinometer (borehole No.2—3). The area occupied by the overlying rock strata and loose layers mobilized by coal mining is considered as a deformation zone, and the concept of the movement angle of strata of arbitrary thickness is introduced. The results show that: The maximum depth at which strain occurs in the borehole No.1 is about 157 meters, with the deeper sections of the borehole reaching the active phase before the shallower; Within the monitoring range of boreholes No.2 and No.3, the geological formations can be divided from bottom to top into stable sections, lower, middle, and upper sections of the deformation zone. The final cumulative horizontal displacement at the borehole openings of No.2 and No.3 is 129.8 mm and 99.4 mm respectively, and the maximum displacement depths of about 108 m and 75 m respectively; Moreover, the horizontal displacement distribution of No.2 and No.3 borehole from bottom to top is generally uniform, and the average horizontal displacement per meter borehole is about 1.2 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively; In each borehole, the lower part of the deformation zone reaches the active period before the upper part and the upper part still has weak deformation after the lower part of the deformation zone is stable; For a certain thickness of strata in the loose layer, the movement angle increases with the increase of its depth, and the depth h of the lower boundary of the loose layer deformation zone decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance l from the working face, which accords with the exponential function relationship.
- thick loose layer mining areas /
- stretching area /
- internal deformation of soil mass /
- optical fiber monitoring /
- borehole inclination

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图 1 工作面地层信息

Figure 1. Formation information of the working face

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图 2 工作面与钻孔位置

Figure 2. Working face and borehole position

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图 3 变形监测钻孔深设计

Figure 3. Depth design of deformation monitoring boreholes

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图 4 钻孔结构示意

Figure 4. Structure diagrams of boreholes

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图 5 变形监测钻孔

Figure 5. Deformation monitoring boreholes

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图 6 滑动式测斜仪工作原理与设备

Figure 6. Principle and equipment of sliding inclinometer

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图 7 光纤应变监测原理与设备

Figure 7. Principle and equipment of optical fiber monitoring

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图 8 钻孔变形数据采集

Figure 8. Data acquisition of deformation of boreholes

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图 9 1号钻孔光纤应变曲线

Figure 9. Strain curve of borehole No.1

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图 10 2与3号钻孔测斜曲线

Figure 10. Measuring production curves of borehole No. 2 and No. 3

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图 11 变形区各段平均每米钻孔的水平位移分布

Figure 11. Average horizontal displacement per meter borehole in each section of deformation zone

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图 12 钻孔不同深度处累计水平位移随时间演化曲线

Figure 12. Evolution curve of cumulative horizontal displacement at different depths of borehole with time

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图 13 钻孔变形时空演化规律

Figure 13. Space-time evolution of borehole deformation

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图 14 松散层变形区地层移动角与变形区下边界

Figure 14. Movement angles of segmented layers and lower boundary of loose layer deformation zone

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图 15 采煤沉陷拉伸区域单元体受力破坏分析示意

Figure 15. Failure analyses diagrams of unit bodys in coal mining subsidence stretching area

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表 1 所选各段钻孔累计水平位移

Table 1 Cumulative horizontal displacements of drilling segments

时间（W）	累计水平位移量/mm			时间（W）	累计水平位移量/mm
	2#				3#
	10-15 m	40-45 m	100-105 m		10-15 m	40-45 m	70-75 m
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	2.118	2.864	8.371	3	0.086	−0.249	3.940
4	1.941	5.249	12.466	5	0.588	−0.055	4.396
10	2.664	3.447	16.135	10	1.093	−0.014	5.823
13	2.787	3.547	14.860	13	1.321	−0.056	5.612
17	3.386	4.323	15.023	17	1.909	0.685	6.715
21	4.049	3.232	17.758	21	2.224	2.333	8.625
25	5.265	4.942	18.981	25	4.774	4.825	11.876
33	5.648	5.133	17.945	33	4.955	5.487	12.728
41	5.979	5.352	18.457	41	5.815	5.780	12.288

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