Abstract: As an important energy support for China”s economic development, coal will remain dominant in energy consumption for a period of time in the future. With the continuous development of related technical equipment, some mines in China have achieved a single-well single-side output of more than 10 million tons. Safe and efficient development of coal resources is an important direction for China”s future scientific and technological development. This paper relies on the national key research and development plan project “Key Technologies and Equipment for Efficient Fully Mechanized Mining of Super-high and Super-long Working Faces in Coal Mines”, and takes the efficient mining of super-high and super-long working faces as the core. The rock control theory, technology and fully mechanized mining equipment development status of super-high and super-long high-efficiency fully mechanized mining faces at home and abroad are introduced. This paper focuses on three major scientific issues: “three-dimensional dynamic fracture law of full overburden rock in super-large mining space and instability failure mechanism of super-high coal wall”, “structural transformation and stress regulation mechanism of strong overburden rock in super-large mining space”, “dynamic response and efficient intelligent collaborative operation mechanism of super-high and super-long fully mechanized mining equipment group under multiple dynamic loads”. Five technical breakthroughs are carried out, including “fracture and migration mechanism of full overburden rock in super large mining space and collaborative control theory of surrounding rock”, “fracturing and pressure relief technology and equipment in strong mine pressure area of super large mining space”, “intelligent mining complete equipment of super high and super long working face”, “intelligent collaborative control technology and equipment of equipment group of super high and super long working face”, “high efficiency fully mechanized mining engineering demonstration of super high and super long working face”. Practice shows that some ultra-high and ultra-long coal mining faces in China have formed a complete set of technology and equipment system, which provides a reliable guarantee for the safe, efficient and green mining of coal resources in thick and medium-thick coal seam mining areas with relatively simple geological conditions in China. The development direction of theoretical technology, equipment and control of super-high and super-long high-efficiency fully mechanized mining face in China is pointed out.