Abstract: The complex underground environment of coal coalmines, influenced by lighting, coal dust, and water mist, often results in collected images with blurred details and missing textures, leading to decreased image resolution and posing significant limitations to the intelligent development of coal coalmine safety monitoring. Image super-resolution reconstruction, an essential image processing technology, aims to recover clear high-resolution images from low-resolution coalmine images, thereby significantly enhancing the reliability of intelligent monitoring and safety management in coal coalmines. To address issues such as the loss of edge texture information and blurring of details in coalmine images, a coalmine image super-resolution reconstruction method integrating multi-dimensional features and residual attention networks is proposed. First, a multi-branch network is employed to parallelly integrate dynamic convolution and channel attention mechanisms, capturing different spatial statistical characteristics through “horizontal-channel” and “vertical-channel” interactions. Secondly, a recursive sparse self-attention mechanism is designed to aggregate representative feature maps under linear complexity, adaptively selecting weight distribution and reducing information redundancy during computation. Finally, the basic unit of deep feature extraction is constructed based on the standard multi-head self-attention mechanism and residual connection, with the obtained feature information and shallow features jointly input into the reconstruction module via skip connections to complete super-resolution reconstruction of coalmine images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing mainstream algorithms in both objective evaluation metrics and subjective visual analysis. In tests on the coalmine dataset, LPIPS (Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity) decreases by an average of 10.97% and 9.91%, while PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) increases by an average of 4.10% and 2.30% for 2x and 4x scaling factors, respectively, demonstrating the method's effectiveness in restoring the structure and texture details of coalmine images.