Research and practice on key technologies for coordinated green mining of shallowly buried multi-coal seam groups
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摘要:
西部矿区多煤层赋存条件导致了“采面布局矛盾、覆岩结构多变、地表运移叠加”的突出性、普遍性问题，探索适应多煤层高强度开采的协调绿色开采技术成为西部矿区多煤层安全、高效开采的关键。针对浅埋厚煤层群高强度开采面临的主要技术难题，从多煤层开采时空布局、工作面岩层稳定性控制、重复扰动下的地表沉陷等方面，系统地阐述了浅埋多煤层群协调绿色开采的几项关键技术。研究结果如下：①揭示了西部多煤层高强度开采层间相互作用机理，构建了多煤层重复开采扰动定量判据与评价方法，创新提出了以层间最小扰动为目标的“薄、中、厚”煤层交错分布协调开采技术；②提出了多煤层工作面岩层稳定控制技术，建立了全覆岩结构破断模型，揭示了全覆岩结构破断条件下的支架与围岩相互作用规律，在此基础上针对多煤层开采工作面支护在不同的位置需要采用不同支护策略的需求，研发了工作面支架抗冲双伸缩立柱和超前巷道支护状态监测系统，实现工作面多区域安全高效稳定支护；③通过揭示浅埋多煤层斜交叠置开采下地表动态移动特征和地表裂缝发育规律，给出地表下沉系数的确定方法，研发了塌陷区裂缝“土壤重构–原位充填–微地形改造”组合的治理关键技术，有效防治黄土沟壑区的采煤地表塌陷。上述核心技术在张家峁、柠条塔、红柳林等20余个大型煤矿成功应用，为我国西部矿区高质量、可持续开发提供了技术支撑。
Abstract:The multi-seam occurrence conditions in the western mining area have brought forth prominent and common issues such as "contradictions in mining face layout, variable overburden structure, and superimposed surface migration". Exploring the coordinated green mining technology suitable for high-intensity mining of multiple coal seams is the key to the safe and efficient mining of multiple coal seams in the western mining area. In response to the main technical challenges faced in the high-intensity mining of shallow-buried thick coal seam groups, several key technologies for the coordinated green mining of shallow-buried multi-seam groups have been systematically expounded from aspects such as the spatio-temporal layout of multi-seam mining, the stability control of the rock strata in the working face, and the surface subsidence under repeated disturbances. The following research results have been obtained: ① The interlayer interaction mechanism of high-intensity mining of multiple coal seams in the western region has been revealed. A quantitative criterion and evaluation method for repeated mining disturbances of multiple coal seams have been constructed. An innovative coordinated mining technology with the staggered distribution of “thin, medium, and thick” coal seams aiming at minimizing inter layer disturbances has been proposed. ② The stability control technology of the rock strata in the multi-seam working face has been put forward. The full overburden structure failure model has been established, and the interaction law between the support and the surrounding rock under the condition of full overburden structure failure has been revealed. On this basis, in response to the demand of using different support strategies at different positions of the multi-seam mining working face, an anti-impact double telescopic column for the working face support and a monitoring system for the support state of the advanced roadway have been developed to achieve safe, efficient and stable support in multiple areas of the working face. ③ By revealing the dynamic movement characteristics of the surface and the development law of surface fractures under the oblique superimposed mining of shallow-buried multi-seam coal seams, the determination method of the surface subsidence coefficient has been given. The key treatment technology combining "soil reconstruction – in-situ filling – micro-topography modification" for fractures in the subsidence area has been developed, effectively preventing the surface subsidence of coal mining in the loess gully area. The above core technologies have been successfully applied in more than 20 large-scale coal mines such as Zhangjiamao, Ningtiaota, and Hongliulin, providing technical support for the high-quality and sustainable development of the western mining area in China.
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图 8 全覆岩结构破断模型
Figure 8. Full overburden structure failure and surrounding rock and equipment structural dynamics model
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图 15 多煤层开采技术装备现场应用
Figure 15. Application of multi-seam mining technology and equipment
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