Abstract: As one of the key parameters of roadway support, preload plays a decisive role in active support, and studies at home and abroad have shown that improving preload can effectively control roadway deformation and reduce the occurrence of roofing accidents. When the anchor cable is unloaded after the tensioning is completed, the retraction of the anchor cable leads to a large loss of preload, and the actual applied preload is much lower than the design value, and it is difficult to play the role of active support of the prestressed anchor cable. In order to reduce the loss of preload, a high preload stress uniform anchor cable was developed, and the components included high preload stress uniform locks, steel strands, pallets, support frames and other components. The high preload stress evenly distributed anchor cable can reduce the retraction of the anchor cable caused by the lock clamp and the retraction of the anchor cable caused by the damage and deformation of the surrounding rock, and reduce the loss of preload during the tensioning process. Its installation process is the preload of the rotating nut after the secondary tensioning, the first tensioning is exactly the same as the traditional anchor cable tensioning process, the secondary tensioning is realized by the support frame assistance, the nut is rotated after the gap is stretched, and the anchor cable is retracted when the anchor cable is stretched for the first time. In the process of the test, Digital Image Correlation （DIC） technology was used to study the “load-displacement” distribution law of the ordinary nut and the stress-uniformly distributed lock nut during the static load tensile process of the anchor cable.The field measurement and laboratory measurement show that the preload loss of the mine anchor cable is about 35% in the tensioning process, the preload loss of the high preload stress uniform load-bearing anchor cable during the tensioning process is only 10%, and the preload loss is reduced by 25%, and the stress uniformly distributed lock nut can alleviate the stress concentration of the thread pair in the tensile process and improve the bearing capacity of the lock thread. The research results have been applied in deep roadways such as Zhuji Mine, Paner Mine and Dingji Mine, and the control effect on the surrounding rock of the roadway is good.