Research and application of micro-scale fracture prediction technology for deep coalbed methane based on five-dimensional seismic data
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摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大吉区块深层煤层气规模开发采用水平井+大规模体积压裂的过程中，在采用相似压裂工艺以及技术参数的条件下，部分井出现了压裂窜扰现象，极大地影响了压裂改造和产气效果。前期通过三维地震精细解释发现区块断层不发育，推测局部微尺度裂缝发育可能是水平井压裂发生窜扰的重要因素。在深层煤层气领域，以研究区深层8号煤为目的层，依托研究区“两宽一高”高品质三维地震资料，通过OVT（Offset Vector Tile）域处理获得了包含时间、空间（三维坐标）、偏移距（或炮检距）和方位角的五维地震数据，首次采用方位统计法开展了微尺度裂缝发育程度、方位和发育期次等方面的研究。结果表明：研究区微尺度裂缝整体较为发育，发育5个规模较大的裂缝带，南部相比北部微尺度裂缝发育程度更高；裂缝发育受控于区域2期构造活动，呈现出2组不同的平面展布方向，其中燕山期构造活动形成近东西向与北西向裂缝，喜山期构造活动形成近南北向与北东向裂缝。结合区域不同时期构造应力场、野外露头、成像测井、阵列声波测井等成果资料，验证了本次裂缝发育程度和方向研究成果的可靠性。应用上述微裂缝预测成果指导了后期研究区水平井压裂方案的优化和实施，窜扰比例明显下降，窜扰比例从2023年的14.58%大幅下降为5.23%，同时经统计2023年投产井平均日产气量为6.7×104 m3，2024年投产井平均日产气量为7.5×104 m3，表明压窜影响显著降低，开发效果持续向好。该预测方法可为相同地质条件区块深层煤层气微尺度裂缝预测提供重要借鉴。
Abstract:During the large-scale development of deep coalbed methane in the Daji block on the eastern edge of Ordos Basin, using horizontal wells combined with large-scale volume fracturing, some wells experienced fracturing interference under similar fracturing techniques and technical parameters, significantly affecting the fracturing transformation and gas production outcomes. Through precise 3D seismic interpretation in the early stage, it was found that faults were not developed in the block, suggesting that the development of local micro-scale fractures might be a significant factor causing fracturing interference in horizontal wells. Focusing on the deep No. 8 coal seam in the study area, we rely on high-quality 3D seismic data characterized by “two wide and one high” features. Through OVT （Offset Vector Tile）domain processing, we obtained five-dimensional seismic data encompassing time, space (3D coordinates), offset (or source-receiver distance), and azimuth. For the first time, we employed azimuthal statistics to investigate the development degree, orientation, and developmental stages of micro-scale fractures. The research findings indicate that micro-scale fractures are generally well-developed in the study area, with five major fracture zones observed, and the degree of micro-scale fracture development is higher in the southern part compared to the northern part. The development of fractures is controlled by two phases of regional tectonic activity, exhibiting two distinct planar distribution directions. Specifically, fractures oriented in the near EW and NW directions were formed during the Yanshanian tectonic activity, while fractures oriented in the near SN and NE directions were formed during the Himalayan tectonic activity. By integrating regional tectonic stress fields from different periods, field outcrops, imaging logging, and array sonic logging data, we verified the reliability of our research findings on the degree and direction of fracture development. Applying these micro-fracture prediction results guided the optimization and implementation of the horizontal well fracturing plan in the study area in later stages, leading to a significant reduction in the interference ratio from 14.58% in 2023 to 5.23%. Meanwhile, statistics show that the average daily gas production for wells put into production in 2023 was 6.7×104 m3, and for wells put into production in 2024, it was 7.5×104 m3, indicating a significant reduction in fracturing interference and a continuous improvement in development effectiveness. This prediction method can provide valuable insights for predicting micro-scale fractures in deep coalbed methane blocks with similar geological conditions.
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Keywords:
- Daji Block /
- deep-seated No. 8 coal /
- coalbed methane /
- microscale fracture prediction /
- OVT /
- anisotropism
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图 1 大吉区块过研究区东西向地震剖面
Figure 1. East-west seismic profile across the study area in the Daji block
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图 2 研究区DJ17-1向5井8号煤沉积综合柱状图及井震联合标定图
Figure 2. Comprehensive histogram of sedimentation of No. 8 coal seam in Well DJ17-1 in the study area and joint calibration diagram of well and seismic data
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图 3 五维地震数据裂缝预测技术流程
Figure 3. Flowchart of fracture prediction technology using five-dimensional seismic data
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图 4 研究区OVT道集优化前后对比图
Figure 4. Comparison of OVT trace set optimization before and after in the study area
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图 6 方位统计法各向异性强度综合分析图
Figure 6. Comprehensive analysis diagram of anisotropy intensity using the azimuth statistics method
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图 7 燕山、喜山期构造缝与最大主应力优势方位系图
Figure 7. Diagram illustrating the structural fractures and the dominant orientation of the maximum principal stress during Yanshan and Himalayan periods
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图 8 晋西挠褶带成家庄柳林太原组砂岩野外露头
Figure 8. Field outcrop of Chengjiazhuang and Liulin Taiyuan Formation sandstone in the Jinxi fold belt
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图 9 JS13-6井台1井压裂选段
Figure 9. Comprehensive analysis diagram of cluster selection for fracturing section of Well JS13-6 in Wellbay 1
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