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基于深度学习的岩巷爆破参数智能设计系统开发与工程实践

Development and engineering practice of intelligent design system for rock cavern blasting parameters based on deep learning

  • 摘要: 传统岩巷爆破参数设计方法主要依赖专家经验和人工绘制,由于缺乏高效的工具和系统,设计效率低,成本高,且对复杂地质条件适应性差,难以满足现代施工要求。以中国北山地下实验室地下280 m水平巷道的三心拱工作面开挖为背景,开发了一种基于深度学习的岩巷爆破参数智能设计系统。系统通过输入基本爆破需求参数,包括断面宽度、高度、岩性参数、循环进度等,利用深度学习模型优化爆破参数,智能生成符合施工规范的炮孔布置图,实现爆破设计的高效与精准。系统的核心模块采用随机森林与强化学习相结合的方法,通过堆叠集成学习方法提升模型的预测精度和泛化能力,输出包括炮孔数量、间距、装药量等在内的优化参数。该系统基于Python语言与Django框架开发,集成了绘图工具,能够智能化设计爆破参数并实现炮孔布置图的自动绘制与可视化。系统设计注重模块化与扩展性,涵盖数据处理、深度学习模型训练、参数优化、图形生成以及爆破日志记录等功能,各模块通过API接口实现高效数据交互和功能耦合。结果表明:系统在提高爆破设计效率方面表现突出,设计效率提升了30%以上,炮孔利用率提升了10%以上,超挖控制在≤10 cm。该系统显著降低了对人工经验的依赖,提升了爆破设计的准确性和可靠性,为智能爆破领域提供了有效的技术支持。

     

    Abstract: Traditional rock tunnel blasting design methods mainly rely on expert experience and manual drawing. Due to the lack of efficient tools and systems, these methods are characterized by low design efficiency, high costs, and poor adaptability to complex geological conditions, making it difficult to meet modern construction requirements. This study proposes an intelligent rock tunnel blasting design system based on deep learning. The background of this study is the excavation of a three-core arch working face in a horizontal roadway 280 m underground in Beishan underground Laboratory of China. The system input basic blasting requirement parameters, tunnel cross-sectional width, height, and advance per cycle. Through a deep learning model, the system optimizes blasting parameters with deep-learning models, smartly generate borehole layout diagrams in line with construction regulations, and achieve high-efficiency and high-precision blasting design. The core module of the system combines random forest and reinforcement learning, and the stacking ensemble learning method is employed to improve the model’s prediction accuracy and generalization ability, outputting optimized parameters such as the number of boreholes, spacing, and charge amounts. The system is developed using the Python programming language and Django framework, integrating drawing tools to achieve intelligent blasting parameter design, automated borehole layout generation, and visualization. The system is designed with modularity and scalability in mind, covering functionalities such as data processing, deep learning model training, parameter optimization, diagram generation, and blasting log recording. Efficient data interaction and functional integration between modules are achieved through API interfaces. Experimental results show that the system significantly improves blasting design efficiency, increasing design efficiency by more than 30%, enhancing borehole utilization by over 10%, and controlling over-excavation to ≤10 cm. The system significantly reduces reliance on expert experience, improves the accuracy and reliability of blasting design, and offers effective technical support for the field of intelligent blasting.

     

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