煤储层改造背景下深部煤层气藏物质平衡方程的建立与应用

石军太; 徐凤银; 曹运兴; 李相方; 黄红星; 王凯; 陈明; 张硕; 吉义天宇; 王伟; 孙政; 李靖

doi:10.12438/cst.2025-0125

煤储层改造背景下深部煤层气藏物质平衡方程的建立与应用

石军太^{1, 2,},
徐凤银^{3, 4, 5},
曹运兴⁶,
李相方^{1, 2},
黄红星^{5, 7},
王凯^{1, 2},
陈明^{1, 8},
张硕^{1, 2},
吉义天宇^{1, 2},
王伟⁹,
孙政¹⁰,
李靖^{1, 2}

1.
中国石油大学（北京）　油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京　102249
2.
中国石油大学（北京）　煤层气研究中心, 北京　102249
3.
成都理工大学能源学院(页岩气现代产业学院), 四川成都　610059
4.
成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室, 四川成都　610059
5.
中联煤层气国家工程研究中心有限责任公司, 北京　100095
6.
河南省非常规能源与开发国际联合实验室, 河南焦作　454003
7.
中石油煤层气有限责任公司, 北京　100028
8.
中石油煤层气有限责任公司临汾分公司, 山西太原　030000
9.
中石油煤层气有限责任公司勘探开发建设分公司, 山西临汾　041400
10.
中国矿业大学煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室, 江苏徐州　221116

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目（42230814）；山西省科技重大专项资助项目（20201101002）

详细信息

作者简介:
石军太: （1984—），男，甘肃靖远人，副教授，博士。E-mail：shijuntai@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD713
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- 文章访问数: 13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-24

Establishment and application of material balance equation for deep coalbed methane reservoirs based on coal formation stimulation background

SHI Juntai^{1, 2,},
XU Fengyin^{3, 4, 5},
CAO Yunxing⁶,
LI Xiangfang^{1, 2},
HUANG Hongxing^{5, 7},
WANG Kai^{1, 2},
CHEN Ming^{1, 8},
ZHANG Shuo^{1, 2},
JI Yitianyu^{1, 2},
WANG Wei⁹,
SUN Zheng¹⁰,
LI Jing^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
2.
Coalbed Methane Research Center, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3.
College of Energy (College of Modern Shale Gas Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
5.
China United Coalbed Methane National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
6.
Henan International Joint Laboratory for Unconventional Energy Geology and Development, Jiaozuo 454003, China
7.
PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Beijing 100028, China
8.
Linfen Branch of PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Taiyuan 030000, China
9.
Exploration, Development and Construction Branch of PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Linfen 041400, China
10.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Fine Exploration and Intelligent Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

摘要

摘要:
近些年深部煤层气发展迅速，在多个深部煤层气区块都取得单井日产万方的突破，为了更加科学高效地开发深部煤层气，大幅提高煤层气的采收率，建立合理、可靠且考虑因素全面的煤层气物质平衡方程，并研究深部煤层气藏或气井控制储量、平均煤储层压力、不同类型气体产量占比、产能评价指标和最终可采储量具有重要的理论与现实意义。目前考虑游离气、煤基质收缩、溶解气、吸附气富集的微孔与游离气和水占据的介孔之间的压差和煤储层改造影响的煤层气物质平衡方程鲜有报道。首先基于深部煤层气藏物质平衡原理，在常规物质平衡方程考虑应力敏感引起的孔隙压缩、基质收缩、水的膨胀和产水因素的基础上，进一步考虑吸附气富集的微孔与游离气和水占据的介孔之间的压差、煤储层改造引起的煤储层物性参数变化和溶解气的影响，建立了基于煤储层改造背景下的深部煤层气藏物质平衡方程；然后提出了深部煤层气线性拟合的吸附气−游离气−溶解气储量评价方法、平均地层压力显式计算方法、吸附气−游离气−溶解气产量占比评价方法、深部煤层气井产能评价方法和最终可采储量EUR预测方法；最后对提出的方法进行了实例应用，评价了实例井控制的吸附气−游离气−溶解气储量，揭示了深部煤层气井生产过程中吸附气−游离气−溶解气产量占比变化规律，剖析了产能指标变化特征并预测了不同废弃压力下的EUR和煤层气采收率。研究表明：提出的深部煤层气储量评价方法，仅需实测2次以上的平均煤储层压力和对应的累计产气量和产水量数据，即可采用线性拟合的方法，评价出深部煤层气井吸附气−游离气−溶解气的储量；提出的深部煤层气平均地层压力计算方法为显式表达式，避免了隐式求解方法中复杂的计算机编程计算；提出的深部煤层气井吸附气−游离气−溶解气产量占比评价方法，无需在井口安装碳同位素监测装置，可实时评价出不同气体产量占比；提出的综合流体、游离气、吸附气、溶解气和水井底采出指数可以用于识别深部煤层气井工作制度的合理性；提出的深部煤层气井EUR预测方法，可将生产数据整理成视压力p/Z*与累计产气量G_p的直线表达式，给定某一废弃压力，即可预测出深部煤层气井的EUR；实例井生产初期游离气日产气量占比和吸附气日产气量占比相当，在生产过程中，游离气日产气量占比先快速上升后缓慢降低最后逐渐稳定在29%，吸附气日产气量占比则先快速降低后缓慢上升最后逐渐稳定在70%，而溶解气日产气量占比一直较低；当废弃压力分别为4、3和2 MPa时，该深部煤层气井的煤层气采收率分别为37.8%、44.2%和52.4%，降低废弃压力是提高深部煤层气藏采收率较为有效的手段。
- 深部煤层气 /
- 物质平衡方程 /
- 游离气 /
- 储量评价 /
- 煤储层压力 /
- 产量占比 /
- 产能评价 /
- 最终可采储量EUR预测
Abstract:
In recent years, the deep coalbed methane was developed rapidly, with breakthroughs in daily production of tens of thousands of cubic meters per well in multiple deep coalbed methane blocks. In order to develop deep coalbed methane more scientifically and efficiently, significantly improve the recovery rate of coalbed methane, establishing a reasonable, reliable, and comprehensive coalbed methane material balance equation, and studying the controlled reserves, average coal reservoir pressure, proportion of different types of gas production, productivity evaluation indicators, and EUR of deep coalbed methane reservoirs or gas wells have important theoretical and practical significance. At present, there are few reports on the material balance equation of coalbed methane considering the presence of free gas, coal matrix shrinkage, the presence of dissolved gas, the pressure difference between micropores enriched with adsorption gas and mesopores occupied by free gas and water, and the impact of coal formation stimulation. Firstly, based on the principle of material balance in deep coalbed methane reservoirs, a material balance equation for deep coalbed methane reservoirs under formation stimulation background was established by further considering the pressure difference between micropores enriched with adsorption gas and mesopores occupied by free gas and water, changes in coal reservoir physical parameters caused by formation stimulation, and dissolved gas, except considering pore compression caused by stress sensitivity, matrix shrinkage, water expansion, and water production in conventional material balance equation of coalbed methane reservoir. Then, a linear fitting method for evaluating the reserves of adsorbed gas, free gas, and dissolved gas, an explicit calculation method for average formation pressure, an evaluation method for the production proportion of adsorbed gas, free gas, and dissolved gas, a productivity evaluation method for deep coalbed methane wells, and an EUR prediction method were proposed. Finally, the proposed methods were applied in an example to evaluate the reserves of adsorbed gas, free gas, and dissolved gas controlled by the well. The variation law of the production proportions of adsorbed gas, free gas, and dissolved gas in the production process of deep coalbed methane well were revealed, and the characteristics of changes in productivity indicators were analyzed. The EUR and coalbed methane recovery under different abandoned pressures were predicted. Results show that: The proposed method for evaluating coalbed methane reserves only requires two or more actual measurements of the average coal reservoir pressure and corresponding cumulative gas and water production data, and can use linear fitting to evaluate the reserves of adsorbed gas, free gas, and dissolved gas controlled by deep coalbed methane wells. The proposed method for calculating the average formation pressure of deep coalbed methane is an explicit expression, which avoids the complex computer programming calculation of implicit solving methods; The proposed evaluation method for the production proportion of adsorbed gas, free gas, and dissolved gas in deep coalbed methane wells does not require the installation of carbon isotope monitoring devices at the wellhead, and can real-time evaluate the proportion of different gas production. The proposed productivity indexes of comprehensive fluid, free gas, adsorbed gas, dissolved gas, and water at bottomhole condition for deep coalbed methane wells can be used to identify the rationality of working systems of the deep coalbed methane well; The proposed EUR prediction method for deep coalbed methane wells can organize production data into a linear expression of apparent pressure p/Z * and G_p. Given a certain abandoned pressure, the EUR of deep coalbed methane wells can be predicted. In the initial stage of production of the example well, the production proportion of free gas is almost equivalent to that of adsorbed gas. During the production process, the proportion of free gas first rapidly increases, then slowly decreases, and finally gradually stabilizes at 29%. The production proportion of adsorbed gas first rapidly decreases, then slowly increases, and finally gradually stabilizes at 70%, while the production proportion of dissolved gas remains low. When the abandoned pressure is 4, 3, and 2 MPa, the coalbed methane recovery rates of the deep coalbed methane well are 37.8%, 44.2%, and 52.4%, respectively. Reducing the abandoned pressure is an effective way to improve the coalbed methane recovery rate of the deep coalbed methane reservoirs.
- deep coalbed methane /
- material balance equation /
- free gas /
- reserve evaluation /
- coal reservoir pressure /
- production proportion /
- deliverability evaluation /
- EUR prediction

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图 1 深部煤层气藏原始状态−压裂返排后−生产过程中的物质平衡原理示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of material balance principle of deep coalbed methane reservoir in the initial state, after fracturing and flowback, and during production

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图 2 深部煤层气储量评价Y-X指示曲线

Figure 2. Y-X Indicator curve for deep coalbed methane reserve evaluation

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图 3 深部煤层气井EUR预测p/Z^*-G_p指示曲线

Figure 3. p/Z^*-G_p indicator curve of EUR prediction for deep coalbed methane wells

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图 4 深部煤层气井每天的累计产气量G_p和累计产水量W_p曲线

Figure 4. Daily cumulative gas production G_p and cumulative water production W_p curve of the deep coalbed methane well

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图 5 某深部煤层气井最终确定的Y-X关系

Figure 5. Final Y-X diagram of a deep coalbed methane well

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图 6 KING提出的物质平衡方程中p/Z^*与G_p指示曲线

Figure 6. p/Z^*and G_p indicator curve using the material balance equation proposed by KING

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图 7 深部煤层气井每天的平均煤储层压力曲线

Figure 7. Daily average coal reservoir pressure curve of the deep coalbed methane well

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图 8 深部煤层气井日产气量、吸附气日产气量、游离气日产气量和溶解气日产气量曲线

Figure 8. Curves of daily gas production, adsorbed gas production, free gas production, and dissolved gas production of the deep coalbed methane well

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图 9 深部煤层气井吸附气日产气量占比、游离气日产气量占比和溶解气日产气量占比曲线

Figure 9. Curves of daily adsorbed gas production ratio, free gas production ratio, and dissolved gas production ratio of the deep coalbed methane well

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图 10 深部煤层气井每天的平均含水饱和度和日产水量曲线

Figure 10. Curves of average water saturation and daily water production of the deep coalbed methane well

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图 11 深部煤层气井每天的产能指标变化曲线

Figure 11. Variation curves of daily productivity indices of the deep coalbed methane well

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图 12 深部煤层气井EUR预测p/Z^*-G_p指示曲线

Figure 12. p/Z^*-G_p indicator curve of EUR prediction for deep coalbed methane wells

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图 13 深部煤层气井累计产水量与平均煤储层压力关系

Figure 13. Relationship between cumulative water production of the deep coalbed methane well and average coal reservoir pressure

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图 14 p/Z^*与平均煤储层压力p关系

Figure 14. Relationship between p/Z^* and average coal reservoir pressure p

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表 1 某深部煤储层物性参数、流体物性参数和气井压裂−返排数据统计

Table 1 Statistical table of physical and fluid property parameters of a deep coal seem and fracturing backflow data of gas well

参数	数值
煤岩密度ρ_c/(t·m⁻³)	1.5
煤储层原始孔隙率ϕ_i/%	7
原始煤储层压力p_i/MPa	21
煤储层温度T/K	343.15
煤储层原始含水饱和度S_wi/%	60.433
孔隙压缩系数C_p/MPa⁻¹	0.005
煤基质微孔的平均孔径d/nm	2
煤基质介孔的平均孔径D/nm	10
煤基质表面润湿角θ/°	89
煤基质收缩系数C_a	0.1
Langmuir体积V_L/(m³·t⁻¹)	25
Langmuir压力p_L/MPa	3.21
气体相对密度γ_g	0.6
原始煤储层压力下气体的偏差系数Z_i	0.889 5
水的体积系数B_w	1
水的等温压缩系数C_w/MPa⁻¹	0.000 435
煤层气在水中的溶解系数C_s/MPa⁻¹	0.17
气水界面张力σ_gw/(mN·m⁻¹)	60
总的压裂液量W_fi/10⁶ m³	0.03
开始生产前压裂液累计返排量W_fp/10⁶ m³	0.007 5

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表 2 某深部煤层气井实测的平均煤储层压力和对应累计产气量和累计产水量

Table 2 Average coal reservoir pressure and corresponding cumulative gas and water production measured in a deep coalbed methane well

生产天数/d	实测的平均煤储层压力 p/MPa	气体平均偏差系数Z	累计产气量 G_p/10⁶ m³	累计产水量 W_p/10⁶ m³
481	11.3	0.892 42	20.404 332	0.008 452 09
842	9.69	0.901 82	25.099 218	0.010 238 33
941	9.62	0.902 29	25.099 518	0.011 816 23
1 075	9.5	0.903 09	25.204 769	0.014 221 13

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煤储层改造背景下深部煤层气藏物质平衡方程的建立与应用

作者简介: 石军太: （1984—），男，甘肃靖远人，副教授，博士。E-mail：shijuntai@cup.edu.cn

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Establishment and application of material balance equation for deep coalbed methane reservoirs based on coal formation stimulation background

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作者简介:
石军太: （1984—），男，甘肃靖远人，副教授，博士。E-mail：shijuntai@cup.edu.cn