Abstract: Coal and gas outburst (referred to as outburst) is a complex dynamic disaster phenomenon in the process of coal mining, which seriously threatens the safety production of mines, and the average intensity of coal outburst induced by rock cross-cut coal uncovering is the largest. In this study, the physical simulation of outburst induced by rock cross-cut coal uncovering under the conditions of 25 mm, 50 mm, 70 mm, 100 mm outburst calibers was carried out using the self-developed multifunctional coal and gas outburst simulation test system. It was found that with the increase of outburst calibers, the rate of decrease in coal seam gas pressure accelerates, the velocity of outburst pulverized coal increases, and the fragmentation degree of outburst pulverized coal significantly increases. At the same time, the relative outburst intensity shows a linear increasing trend, with values of 6.93%, 25.83%, 48.03%, 70.31%, respectively. A fluid solid coupling mathematical model was established based on physical simulation experiments of coal and gas outbursts, and the evolution laws of multi physical fields at different stages of outburst were simulated and analyzed by COMSOL. The simulation results show that during the preparation stage of outburst, stress concentration and plastic deformation occur in the coal body near the exposed surface. The stress concentration factors under the outburst calibers of 25, 50, 70, 100 mm are 1.31, 1.36, 1.40, 1.51, respectively. The plastic zone is distributed in a circular shape around the outburst holes, with surface integrals of 90.75, 401.31, 884.18, 2250.5 mm², respectively. During the development stage of outburst, the coal seam sequentially forms a spherical flow zone, a transition zone, and a unidirectional flow zone. The gas pressure gradient in the spherical flow zone near the exposed surface is relatively large and acts on the coal body in the form of gas seepage force. Under the four simulated conditions, the maximum gas seepage force is 7.87, 10.15, 14.94, 21.73 MPa/m, respectively, which are positively correlated with outburst calibers. At the same time, the gas seepage force has the characteristics of fast attenuation rate and small range of action. The influence time is mainly concentrated within 1 second of coal exposure, and the range of action is mainly located on the 10 mm coal body near the exposed surface, which can easily cause tensile failure of the thin layer of coal wall and induce outburst. Finally, the evolution process, instability mechanism, and influencing factors of coal and gas outbursts induced by rock cross-cut coal uncovering were analyzed based on the characteristics of the rock cross-cut coal uncovering operations. The ideas and measures for preventing and controlling rock cross-cut coal uncovering outbursts were also discussed.