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煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术知识图谱构建与应用

Construction and application of knowledge mapping of carbon emission governance technologies for coal mining and utilization

  • 摘要: 煤炭是能源消费降碳的主力军,煤炭开发利用过程中产生的碳排放占全国碳排放总量的60%~70%,是我国完成碳减排任务的关键所在。煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术知识图谱构建与应用聚焦煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术,系统梳理出相关治理技术知识,在此基础上构建知识图谱,挖掘出不同技术间的内在联系、适用条件、实施效果及减排路径,为相关人员获取碳排放治理技术领域前沿知识提供支撑,推动煤炭行业向绿色低碳方向转型。一是广泛收集煤炭减排技术相关的专业书籍、术语字典、权威研究报告、中国知网核心期刊文献以及各类标准规范等,采用自底向上和自顶向下的混合构建法构建煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术领域概念知识模型;二是运用BIO标注策略,并应用BERT+CRF(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers & Conditional Random Fields)模型,识别该领域实体;三是在实体识别基础上,应用BiLSTM–Attention模型进一步挖掘实体间关系,实现关系抽取;四是采用实体消歧和共指消解技术进行知识融合,消除数据中的矛盾与冗余信息;五是通过Neo4j图数据库存储实体与关系,基于上述结构化的方法与模型,由此完成煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术领域知识图谱的构建。构建了涵盖排放特征、开采方式、利用方式和减碳技术四大类的煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术领域知识概念模型,又将这四大类知识概念细分为12个子类,30个细类,形成了完整的概念分类体系。定义了10类命名实体及6种关系,基于提出的知识图谱构建组合方法与创新模型,抽取出12631个节点与32209个实体间关系,揭示了碳排放技术与排放特征、开采方式、利用方式之间的复杂关联,并根据已构建的煤炭开采利用碳排放治理技术领域的知识图谱,支持矿山企业选取相适配的减碳技术路径。随着煤炭行业低碳发展的场景拓展、数据的积累以及人工智能和大模型的发展,本研究将在多模态数据融合的基础上,优化图谱的构建方法,拓展图谱的应用范围,提高技术路径推荐的精准度。

     

    Abstract: Coal is the main force of carbon reduction in energy consumption, and the carbon emissions generated in the process of coal exploitation and utilization account for about 60%-70% of the total national carbon emissions, which is the key to accomplishing the carbon reduction task in China. The construction and application of knowledge mapping of coal mining and utilization carbon emission management technology focuses on coal mining and utilization carbon emission management technology, systematically sorts out the knowledge of related management technology, and constructs knowledge mapping on the basis of which, to excavate the intrinsic connection, applicable conditions, implementation effect and emission reduction path of different technologies, to provide support for the relevant personnel to obtain the cutting-edge knowledge in the field of carbon emission management technology, and to push forward the transition of coal industry to the green and low-carbon direction. Transformation in the direction of green and low-carbon. First, we extensively collect professional books, terminology dictionaries, authoritative research reports, core journals on China Knowledge Network, and various standards and norms related to coal emission reduction technologies, and construct a conceptual knowledge model of coal mining and utilization of carbon emission management technologies by adopting a hybrid construction method of bottom-up and top-down; second, we use the BIO annotation strategy and apply the BERT+CRF (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer Representations) method to construct a conceptual knowledge model of coal mining and utilization of carbon emission management technologies. Encoder Representations from Transformers & Conditional Random Fields) model to recognize the entities in this domain; third, on the basis of entity recognition, the BiLSTM–Attention model is applied to further mine the relationships between entities and realize relationship extraction; fourth, entity The fourth is to use entity disambiguation and co-reference disambiguation techniques for knowledge fusion, eliminating contradictions and redundant information in the data; the fifth is to store the entities and relationships through the Neo4j graph database, based on the above structured methods and models, thus completing the construction of the knowledge map of the field of coal mining and utilization of carbon emission management technology. A conceptual model of knowledge in the field of coal mining and utilization carbon emission management technology covering 4 major categories of emission characteristics, mining methods, utilization methods and carbon reduction technologies is constructed, and the knowledge concepts of these 4 major categories are subdivided into 12 subclasses and 30 subclasses, forming a complete conceptual classification system. Ten types of named entities and six kinds of relationships are defined, and based on the proposed knowledge graph construction combination method and innovation model, 12 631 nodes and 32 209 inter-entity relationships are extracted, which reveals the complex association between carbon emission technologies and emission characteristics, mining methods, utilization methods, and based on the constructed knowledge graph in the field of coal mining and utilization of carbon emission governance technology, it can support the mining enterprises to select the appropriate carbon reduction technology path. The knowledge graph in the field of carbon emission management technology has been constructed to support mining enterprises in selecting appropriate carbon reduction technology paths. With the expansion of low-carbon development scenarios in the coal industry, the accumulation of data, and the development of artificial intelligence and big models, this study will optimize the construction method of the atlas on the basis of multimodal data fusion, expand the application scope of the atlas, and improve the accuracy of the recommendation of technology paths.

     

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