Abstract: The Ordos Basin is rich in coal-rock gas resources, and significant breakthroughs have been made in exploration and development in many blocks. However, the key controlling factors for the gas content of coal have not yet been clarified, which restricts the overall exploration and development process. Based on a large amount of measured data such as gas content, coal rock and coal quality, coal geochemistry,and pore structure, the geological conditions of coal-rock gas in Benxi Formation were systematically analyzed, the main controlling factors of gas content were determined, and the coal-rock gas resource conditions were evaluated by zoning. The results show that sedimentation, coal rank and buried depth have laid the overall pattern of gas content of coal. ① The sedimentary environment restricts the hydrocarbon material base (including coal seam thickness, coal seam structure and coal quality), the original occurrence space of coal-rock gas and the plane distribution of preservation conditions. The evolution of coal-forming environment determines the longitudinal difference distribution of coal quality, which in turn creates the longitudinal heterogeneity of gas content. ② Coal rank not only controls the gas generation intensity of coal, but also affects the occurrence space and reservoir performance of coal-rock gas by affecting the pore structure, and the adsorption performance of coal is strengthened with the increase of metamorphism. ③ The burial depth mainly affects the proportion of adsorbed gas and free gas, and below the critical depth, with the increase of burial depth, the proportion of free gas increases, and the total gas volume decreases after the depth exceeds 3000m. ④ The micro-amplitude structure plays a role in local gas enrichment in the development and gentle slope zone. ⑤ Taking into account the favorable conditions for hydrocarbon generation, storage, and preservation, coal-rock gas enrichment zone is clearly defined as the north-south strip from Yulin to Yichuan, with an average gas content of up to 23 cm³/g. ⑥ According to the connotation and key control factors of coal-rock gas, combined with the distribution of coal seams, the evaluation system of coal-rock gas resource conditions was constructed, and the coal seam of Benxi Formation in the basin were divided into 4 categories and 13 communities. The class I area was mainly distributed in Yulin area, Daning-Jixian area, and Yanan area, and the class II area was mainly distributed in Wushenqi area. The research results are expected to provide reference and guidance for the orderly exploration and development of coal-rock gas in the Ordos Basin.