Abstract: To address the stability control challenges of deep roadways under ground grouting effects, a mechanical model for the roof of straight-wall arched roadways was established by integrating the Hoek-Brown strength criterion with limit analysis theory. Using a mine in Huainan as the engineering case study, the trajectory equation of roof collapse under ground grouting influence was derived. The impacts of key parameters on roof collapse were systematically analyzed, revealing the failure mechanism of such roadway roofs. Based on the proposed control concept—“zonal division of roof failure: repairing and improving slightly damaged zones, consolidating generally damaged zones, and implementing high-strength support for severely damaged zones”—a zonal repair strategy tailored to deformation and failure characteristics was developed and successfully applied. Key findings include: ① Without grouting, the roof collapse failure separation curve shows a typical symmetrical “inverted funnel” shape evolution feature. After applying high-pressure ground grouting, due to the influence of the additional stress field of grouting, the roof collapse failure separation curve shows a significant asymmetry, forming an “narrow on the left and wide on the right” abnormal collapse arch structure. ② Measures such as grouting reinforcement can be adopted to improve the mechanical parameters of rock mass or increase the resistance of support, which can effectively reduce the risk of roof caving. ③ According to the characteristics of the deformation and failure sections of the roadway, the zones are classified and repair plans are formulated. In the severely damaged zone, high-strength support measures such as “grouting anchor bolts + grouting anchor cables + arch frames” are adopted; in the generally damaged zone, control techniques such as “grouting anchor bolts + grouting anchor cables + steel mesh + shotcrete” are implemented; In the slightly damaged zone, control strategies such as “high-strength anchor cables + grouting anchor bolts + steel mesh + shotcrete” are proposed. The maximum roof settlement in each zone does not exceed 135 mm, and the average roof settlement in the severely damaged zone is only 86.3 mm, with a reduction of 83.9%. The control effect is significant.