Abstract: Deep coal resources constitute a vital pillar for ensuring China's energy security. Guided by the strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the green and clean exploitation of deep coal resources will be a common practice for the coal mining industry in the future. As mining activities extend into deep strata, conventional coal mining craft exhibit pronounced limitations when confronting extreme engineering environments characterized by high in-situ stress and high ground temperatures within deep geological formations. Fluidized mining, as a disruptive theory for deep underground coal resource exploitation, constitutes a potential technology to overcome the critical depth constraints of solid mineral resource extraction. Aiming at the development status and industrial demands of deep coal seams in China, guided by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the in-situ fluidized mining theory of deep underground coal resources, this study proposes a technology theory for microbial gasification mining and CO₂ cooperative sequestration in deep coal seams, and systematically elaborates the research framework and the key process. The core scientific issues that need to be solved urgently include: elucidating the mechanisms underlying permeability enhancement and fracture evolution in deep coal seams, culturing, domesticating, and screening of in-situ coal-degrading microbial system, and evaluating the mechanism of CO₂ sequestration in deep coal seams. The key technologies that need to be overcome urgently include intelligent fracture guide control systems for deep coal seams, in-situ microbial gasification monitoring platforms, multiphase-flow mixed transportation pipelines preservation in deep earth, and CO₂ sequestration safety risk evaluation and geological responses monitoring. Aiming at construction demand of different stages for microbial gasification mining and CO₂ cooperative sequestration in deep coal seams, the development process of deep coal seams should be rationally planned and designed. Integrating equipment layout and operation planning for surface and underground spaces in mining areas during the pre-development, coordinating construction processes across technical systems during development, monitoring post-development geological response characteristics, replicable development models and technical standards will be established ultimately. By constructing an innovation model of microbial gasification mining and CO₂ cooperative sequestration, the dual objectives of safe and highly-efficient exploitation of deep coal resources and carbon storage will be achieved. This study will realize the transformation of traditional coal mining industry towards a green and low-carbon development pathway, providing theoretical and technological support for the synergistic advancement of China's deep coal resources exploitation and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.