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考虑煤体结构差异的深层煤层气地应力场预测方法

Prediction of in-situ stress field of deep coalbed methane considering the coalbed structure differences

  • 摘要: 深层煤层气是煤层气资源未来勘探开发的主要方向,其储层具有埋藏深度大、地质结构复杂等特点,导致地应力场极为复杂,对深层煤层气的钻完井及压裂等关键技术提出了严峻挑战,成为了制约深层煤层气规模化开发的核心难题。针对深层煤层气地应力建模问题,以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深层煤层气为研究对象,系统开展了深煤层气岩心室内动静态力学参数试验和声发射地应力试验,获取了深煤岩力学和地应力参数,建立了纵横波时差、动静态力学参数转换模型。构建了基于声波时差、密度、井径测井的深层煤岩煤体结构指数模型,并耦合煤岩上覆地层压力、构造应力、孔隙压力等,开发了深层煤层单井地应力计算新模型。通过现场小型压裂压力降落曲线评估闭合压力,结合声发射试验结果实现水平最大和最小构造应变量的反演。采用有限元地应力反演算法,开展深部煤层区域地应力场模拟,实现深部煤层地应力分布规律预测。结果表明:反演目标区块水平最大和最小构造应变量的平均值分别为0.29、0.11,最大、最小水平地应力相对误差分别平均为9.19%、9.54%,与未考虑煤体结构差异影响的地应力模型对比,构建的地应力模型与闭合应力计算结果吻合度更好,准确性更高,验证了考虑煤体结构的地应力模型具有更优的适用性和应用潜力;预测目标区块地应力场表现为上覆地层压力>水平最大地应力>水平最小地应力,呈正断层应力状态,压裂改造时易形成垂直裂缝,且大部分目标区域水平地应力差较小,顶底板地应力与煤层地应力差较大,有利于复杂缝网的形成并限制裂缝上下穿层,适合大规模缝网体积压裂改造。地应力预测对深部煤层重点开发区域的甜点识别、布井和压裂设计均具有重要的指导价值。

     

    Abstract: Deep coalbed methane(CBM) is the main direction of CBM resource exploration and development in the future. Deep CBM reservoirs are characterized by large burial depths and complex geological structures, so the in-situ stress field is extremely complex, which creates serious challenges to the key technologies of drilling and completion of wells and fracturing of CBM. In order to address the problem of deep CBM in-situ stress modeling, the deep CBM at the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin was taken as the research target. The indoor dynamic and static mechanical parameter experiments and in-situ stress acoustic emission experiments of deep CBM core were carried out systematically. The mechanical and in-situ stress parameters of deep coal rock were obtained, and the conversion model of P-wave and S-wave time difference, dynamic and static mechanical parameters was established. The index model method of deep coal rock structure based on acoustic time difference, density and caliper logging was constructed, and the new model of single well ground stress calculation in deep CBM was developed by coupling the overlying formation pressure, tectonic stress and pore pressure of coal rock. The closure pressure was evaluated by the small fracturing pressure drop curve, and the maximum and minimum tectonic strain inversion was realized by combining the acoustic emission experimental results. The prediction of regional in-situ stress field in deep CBM was carried out by finite element trial calculation method, and the distribution law of in-situ stress in deep CBM was obtained. The results showed that the average horizontal maximum and minimum tectonic strain of the inversion target blocks were 0.29 and 0.11, respectively, and the average maximum and minimum horizontal in-situ stress errors were 9.19% and 9.54%, respectively. Compared with the in-situ stress model without considering the effect of coal structure difference, the established in-situ stress model matched the results of the closure stress calculation better and has better accuracy. It reflected the better applicability and application potential of the in-situ stress model considering the coal structure. It was predicted that the overburden formation pressure > horizontal maximum in-situ stress > horizontal minimum in-situ stress in the in-situ stress field of the target block, showing a normal fault stress state. Vertical fractures were easy to form during fracturing. The horizontal in-situ stress difference was small in most target areas, and the difference between the roof or floor in-situ stress and the coalbed in-situ stress was large. It was conducive to the formation of complex fracture networks and limited the upper and lower layers of fractures, which was suitable for large-scale fracture network stimulation. In-situ stress prediction had important guiding value for sweet spot identification, well placement and fracturing design in key development areas of deep CBM.

     

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