Abstract: Based on the evaluation results of coalbed methane resources in Guizhou in recent years and the understanding of coal measure gas exploration and research, combined with the theoretical model of free gas prediction, the potential of coal measure gas resources in Longtan Formation of Upper Permian in Guizhou is predicted. The favorable conditions and challenges of the development of coal measure gas industry in Guizhou are analyzed, and the development direction and suggestions of coal measure gas exploration and development technology are put forward. The results show that the total amount of coal measure gas resources in Longtan Formation of the six major coalfields in the province is 6.12 trillion m³, and the average resource abundance can reach 224 million m³ / km². Among them, 91% of the resources are concentrated in Liupanshui, Zhina and Qianbei coalfields. According to the regional geological conditions and pre-production test results, it is suggested that Liupanshui coalfield should pay equal attention to shallow and deep exploration, Zhina coalfield should focus on shallow exploration, and Qianbei coalfield should focus on deep breakthrough. According to the scale and enrichment degree of coal measure gas resources, 65 key tectonic units in Guizhou Province are divided into four categories and nine types, including 19 large-extremely high abundance tectonic units, 4 medium-extremely high abundance tectonic units, 5 large-high abundance tectonic units and 10 large-higher abundance tectonic units. The differences of resource enrichment and favorable exploration directions of different tectonic units are compared and analyzed. This paper analyzes the favorable conditions for the development of coal measure gas industry in Guizhou from three aspects: resource reliability, geological understanding degree and pilot exploration effect. However, there are still some problems and challenges, such as low effective utilization rate of resources, insufficient adaptability of technology and insufficient exploration of new strata in the new area. It is suggested to break through the key technologies in four aspects: fine and efficient development of new coalbed methane wells in shallow high-quality coal seams and transformation of inefficient old wells, efficient gas drainage in coal mine areas, evaluation and exploration and development of high-quality reservoirs in middle and deep coal measures, and exploration and development of new types of thin interbedded composite reservoirs in new areas. The development idea of reforming coal measure gas industry is put forward. Management measures and suggestions such as “cracking the dilemma of achieving the goal ” “ focusing on the supporting effect of technological progress, and taking multiple measures to expand the scale of the industry”.