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大牛地气田深层煤层气地质−工程甜点地震预测

Seismic prediction of geological-engineering sweet spots in deep coalbed methane reservoirs, Daniudi gas field

  • 摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地埋深大于1 500 m的深层煤层气已多口井实现产能的突破,前期针对深层煤层气富集、高产主控因素开展了大量研究,但对主控因素的预测主要利用已有钻井的岩心、测井资料,通过三维地震资料进行预测的研究较少。通过三维地震资料井震结合,构建地质甜点(煤层厚度、含气性、构造保存条件)与工程甜点(微裂缝发育情况、地层压力系数、水平应力差)的综合地球物理预测方法,为深层煤层气高效勘探开发提供技术支撑。以大牛地气田为例利用球物理预测方法实现太原组8号煤层地质工程甜点预测:①通过地质统计学反演、振幅能量属性定量预测煤层厚度,结合高频衰减梯度属性表征煤层含气性;②利用高精度相干技术(C3)与构造变形强度属性刻画微断裂及裂缝网络;③基于Fillippone模型反演地层压力系数,结合构造曲率与应变分析预测煤层水平应力差。结合已钻煤层气井建立地质−工程参数评价标准,划分 3 类工程−地质甜点区。其中,I类甜点区断层不发育且有正向构造背景、煤层厚度>10 m、全烃>40、灰岩顶部或者泥岩顶部、水平应力差3~6 MPa,微裂缝较发育0.3<Likelihood<0.6,研究区面积594.6 km2,主要分布在榆阳区带灰岩覆盖区和东部神木区带泥岩覆盖区,目前该区多口深层煤层气井压裂试获工业气流,是大牛地地区有望实现新突破的重要区域。

     

    Abstract: Significant production breakthroughs have been achieved in deep coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs (>1500m) within the Ordos Basin. While prior studies focused on enrichment mechanisms and productivity controls, existing predictions rely heavily on core and well-log data, with limited integration of 3D seismic data. This study proposes an integrated geophysical approach combining 3D seismic and well data to identify geological sweet spots (coal thickness, gas content, structural preservation) and engineering sweet spots (micro-fractures, pressure coefficient, horizontal stress), enhancing deep CBM exploration efficiency.Applied to the No. 8 coal seam (Taiyuan Formation) in Daniudi Gas Field, the workflow includes: ① Thickness prediction via geostatistical inversion and amplitude energy attributes, paired with gas content analysis using high-frequency attenuation gradients; ② Fracture characterization through high-precision coherence (C3) and structural deformation intensity; ③ Pressure-stress modeling via Fillippone-based pressure coefficients and curvature/strain-derived horizontal stress differences.Three sweet spot classes were established using geological-engineering criteria. Class I sweet spots feature fault-free zones with positive structural backgrounds, coal thickness >10 m, total hydrocarbon content >40, caprocks of limestone or mudstone, horizontal stress differences of 3~6 MPa, and moderate micro-fracture development (0.3<likelihood<0.6). These areas span 594.6 km2, primarily distributed in the limestone-covered Yuyang and eastern Shenmu mudstone zones. These areas have delivered post-fracturing industrial gas flows, positioning them as priority targets for CBM development in Daniudi.

     

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