Abstract: With the deepening and high-strength development of coal resource mining, gas issues and safety hazards in the mining process become increasingly prominent. To grasp the evolution law of overburden rock fractures under high-strength mining disturbance and clarify the characteristics of pressure-relieved gas enrichment areas, a microseismic monitoring test on overburden rocks was conducted in the high-strength mining face of Huangling mining area. Using the mathematical model of the elliptic paraboloid zone, the development characteristics of overburden rock fractures under high mining speed and large mining height were explored, the range of gas enrichment areas was defined, and extraction verification was carried out. The results show that overburden fractures formed by high-strength mining face mining have the characteristics of “three big, two high and one long”, namely large first weighting step distance, large periodic weighting step distance, large advance support stress, high development of caving zone and fracture zone, and long cantilever beam length. Based on the theory of the elliptical throwing belt, a mathematical model with mining height and pushing speed as key parameters was established. Large mining height and high pushing speed lead to fracture development and morphological changes of the elliptical throwing belt, forming an elliptical throwing belt with the development form of “wide waist and narrow top”. In the early stage of microseismic events, they are mainly concentrated in the low level. Due to energy accumulation, high-energy microseismic events increase significantly when the working face is in square, and the occurrence horizon rises significantly, concentrating in the compacted area of the elliptical throwing belt. Combined with microseismic monitoring and borehole peeping, high-level directional boreholes were designed for gas extraction according to the mathematical model of the elliptic paraboloid zone. The peak gas concentrations in the two drilling fields reached 72.8% and 88%, respectively. The drilling fields can be effectively connected with good extraction effect, verifying the accuracy of microseismic monitoring. During the advancement of the working face, the maximum gas concentrations in the upper corner and return air roadway are 0.61% and 0.34%, respectively, keeping the gas concentration within a safe range and ensuring the safe production of the working face. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the gas extraction design of high-strength mining faces.