Abstract: Electrification and intellectualization are the inevitable trends in the development of mining equipment, and explosion-proof lithium battery power supplies represent a critical technical approach for the "oil-to-electricity" conversion of mobile heavy-load mining equipment. In response to the problems of low energy density, short range, and changes in the physical and chemical evolution characteristics of lithium batteries caused by thermal runaway due to high temperature, high humidity, and high dust working environments in the current mining explosion-proof lithium battery power supply for transportation equipment in the coal industry, an innovative special encapsulated lithium battery structure is proposed to reduce the quality of lithium battery power supply and improve energy density; Conduct research on the thermal runaway characteristics of encapsulated lithium batteries and clarify the thermal runaway mechanism of encapsulated explosion-proof lithium batteries; Conduct research on the transient temperature rise law and propagation path of nail penetration thermal runaway in encapsulated explosion-proof lithium batteries, establish a nail penetration thermal runaway expansion model, clarify the safety threshold and evolution law of nail penetration thermal runaway expansion; Conduct point explosion tests on special explosion-proof encapsulated lithium battery packs in different free spaces under air, zone I methane gas, and methane hydrogen mixed gas environments to reveal the temperature and pressure changes inside the battery thermal runaway and hazardous gas explosion coupled power supply; A mining explosion-proof lithium-ion battery power supply and battery management system have been successfully developed. The power supply consists of 60 battery cells connected in series, with a nominal total voltage of 192V and a total energy of 42.24 kWh. The weight of the power enclosure is 503 kg, the weight of the control box is 68 kg, the specific energy of the power enclosure is 83.98 Wh/kg, and the specific energy of the power device is 78.66 Wh/kg, which is 40% higher than that of the explosion-proof power supply. The research results have been applied to mining equipment such as the WLR-19 trackless rubber tired car at China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Taiyuan Research Institute Co., Ltd. The various functions and safety performance of the lithium battery power supply meet the design requirements, and the electrical performance and encapsulation protection structure are normal. The key technical problems of mining explosion-proof lithium battery power supply have been effectively solved through innovative encapsulated explosion-proof types, research on thermal runaway characteristics, and power system development. It provides strong support for the construction of safety standards for mining lithium battery power supply, and lays the experimental foundation and technical guarantee for the construction of mining auxiliary transportation equipment standards. It is of great significance for promoting safe and green mining in the coal industry.