Abstract: In the environment of deep strong mining-induced stress, phenomena such as borehole collapse, closure and compaction are prone to occur in large-diameter pressure relief boreholes in coal seams, and the pressure relief effect shows obvious time-effect characteristics. Through axial compression and cyclic loading-unloading tests on coal specimens with boreholes and combined with numerical simulation methods, the coal damage and elastic energy evolution characteristics during the deformation-closure process of boreholes inside the coal were analyzed, and the influence laws of factors such as borehole diameter and loading velocity on the energy storage characteristics of coal with boreholes were studied. After borehole pressure relief, the borehole in the coal will go through four stages: borehole shrinkage deformation, crack propagation around the borehole, borehole collapse and borehole closure. In the initial borehole shrinkage deformation stage, the borehole closure rate is low. The acoustic emission b - value gradually increases, and the proportion of elastic energy is relatively stable. After entering the crack propagation stage around the borehole, the borehole closure rate increases to 4.3 times that of the shrinkage deformation stage. The acoustic emission b - value and the elastic energy ratio of the coal specimen gradually decrease, and the pressure relief effect gradually increases. After borehole collapse, the elastic energy ratio drops suddenly, and the total decrease is 25.3 times that of the crack propagation stage. In this stage, the damage of the specimen reaches the peak, and the borehole pressure relief effect is the best. After the borehole is closed, the elastic energy ratio rebounds, and the pressure relief effect gradually decreases. The borehole diameter and loading velocity have obvious effects on the deformation, closure of the borehole and energy evolution of the coal. The larger the borehole diameter, the more likely the coal is to experience borehole collapse, the faster the elastic energy ratio decreases, and the earlier the optimal pressure relief state is reached. The pressure relief takes effect quickly and lasts for a long time. With the increase of the loading velocity, the decreasing speed of the elastic energy ratio of the coal slows down, and its minimum value increases. The borehole pressure relief effect gradually weakens, and the effective pressure relief duration shortens. According to the time-effect characteristics of borehole pressure relief, for deep strong mining roadways, the advance pre-pressure relief distance and pressure relief borehole parameters should be reasonably determined. The mining speed should be controlled, and multi-round pressure relief methods should be adopted to ensure the continuous effectiveness of borehole pressure relief.