Abstract: Water-carbon co-migration mechanisms in high-seepage groundwater areas affected by coal mining are explored, providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and enhancing carbon sequestration. It focuses on water-carbon migration in coal-mining disturbance zones, examining the multi-scale coupling effects of natural factors (e.g., climate, geology) and human activities (e.g., mining, land use change). By analyzing bidirectional feedback between groundwater and soil water systems, it explores how water-soil-air interface interactions drive the carbon cycle. The findings show that coal-mining-induced soil physical structure degradation (porosity and permeability changes) disrupts groundwater level equilibrium, remodels water circulation, and causes carbon cycle imbalance through water-soil-air interactions. Groundwater-soil water bidirectional feedback dominates carbon transformation and distribution in different phases. Current limitations include quantitative characterization of multi-scale process coupling, identification of water system carbon flux responses, and regional model adaptability. Future research should establish multi-scale water-carbon coupling models, study micro-scale response mechanisms, and integrate space-air-ground monitoring networks to improve simulation. Comparative analyses across different mining intensities and geological conditions confirm the universality and specificity of these mechanisms, offering a framework for customized ecological restoration strategies. The proposed multi-scale research framework and techniques can be applied to similar disturbance areas.