高级检索

基于体素滤波的煤矿井巷分布式固态LiDAR多视角点云融合建图

Distributed solid-state LiDAR multi view point cloud fusion mapping of coal mine tunnels based on voxel filtering

  • 摘要: 针对煤矿井下巷道内无人驾驶系统普遍使用的机械式激光雷达存在的结构复杂、使用寿命短、易受障碍物遮挡以及因建图数据量大而导致的实时性差等问题,以固态激光雷达为核心传感器,提出了一种基于体素滤波的煤矿井巷固态LiDAR多视角点云融合建图方法。首先,设计分布式多固态LiDAR融合感知SLAM系统,采用联合标定统一坐标系处理多视角激光点云数据;基于体素滤波方法对多视角点云进行轻量化融合,减少重叠视场冗余点,得到统一的、低数据量的四周环境融合点云数据。其次,以融合点云为基础,结合动态关键帧选取与线面特征提取构建局部地图,并利用位姿变换矩阵拼接全局地图;再次利用体素滤波方法对全局地图进行优化,进一步减少地图数据量。然后,利用ROS中的Gazebo、Rviz可视化模块开展联合仿真试验,仿真结果表明:基于体素滤波的固态LiDAR多视角点云融合建图方法可有效减少地图点云数据量,同时充分还原环境空间结构。最后,参照煤矿井巷实际环境搭建模拟井下巷道,利用无人驾驶试验车开展了多传感器联合标定及多视角点云融合建图试验,试验结果表明:相较于基于传统机械式激光雷达的LOAM(LiDAR Odometry and Mapping)、LIO-SAM(Lidar-Inertial Odometry via Smoothing and Mapping)和LeGO-LOAM-SC(Light weight and Ground-Optimized Lidar Odometry and Mapping with Scan Context)建图方法,所提建图方法的地图数据量分别降低了89.25%、10.12%和58.14%,单帧地图更新耗时分别降低了86.2%、29.7%、72.0%,并具备更高的空间结构还原准确度,具备在煤矿井巷场景实际应用的可行性。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of complex structure, short service life, susceptibility to obstruction by obstacles, and poor real-time performance due to large mapping data volume of the mechanical laser radar commonly used in unmanned systems in underground coal mine roadways, a multi-view point cloud fusion mapping method for solid-state LiDAR in underground coal mine roadways based on voxel filtering is proposed, with solid-state LiDAR as the core sensor. Firstly, a distributed multi-solid-state LiDAR fusion perception SLAM system is designed, and a unified coordinate system is adopted to process multi-view laser point cloud data through joint calibration. Based on the voxel filtering method, multi-view point clouds are lightened and fused to reduce redundant points in the overlapping field of view and obtain unified, low-data-volume point cloud data of the surrounding environment. Secondly, based on the fused point cloud, a local map is constructed by combining dynamic key frame selection and line-plane feature extraction, and the global map is spliced using the pose transformation matrix. Then, the global map is optimized using the voxel filtering method to further reduce the map data volume. Subsequently, joint simulation experiments are carried out using the Gazebo and Rviz visualization modules in ROS. The simulation results show that the multi-view point cloud fusion mapping method based on voxel filtering for solid-state LiDAR can effectively reduce the map point cloud data volume while fully restoring the environmental spatial structure. Finally, according to the actual environment of coal mine roadway, the simulation underground roadway was built, and the multi-sensor joint calibration and multi view point cloud fusion mapping test were carried out by using the driverless test vehicle. The test results show that: compared with the traditional mechanical lidar based on LOAM(LiDAR Odometry and Mapping), LIO-SAM(Lidar-Inertial Odometry via Smoothing and Mapping) and LeGO-LOAM-SC(Light weight and Ground-Optimized Lidar Odometry and Mapping with Scan Context) For the mapping method, the map data volume of the proposed mapping method in this paper is reduced by 89.25%, 10.12% and 58.14% respectively, and the update time of single frame map is reduced by 86.2%, 29.7% and 72.0% respectively, which has higher accuracy of spatial structure restoration, and has the feasibility of practical application in coal mine roadway scene.

     

/

返回文章
返回