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煤矿突出动力灾害声电瓦斯智能监测预警技术与装备

Intelligent monitoring and early warning technology and equipment for coal mine outburst hazards based on acoustic electromagnetic gas

  • 摘要: 突出动力灾害仍是我国煤矿深部开采的主要灾害之一,随着开采深度及强度的不断增加,其影响因素及耦合关系日趋复杂,在高地应力、瓦斯压力及含量等共同作用下,灾害危险性显著增强,严重制约煤矿安全高效生产。准确、可靠的监测预警技术与装备已成为深部突出动力灾害监测防控的迫切需求。研究了煤岩受载破坏声电效应理论及突出灾害声电瓦斯监测预警原理,明确了突出演化过程中煤体声电瓦斯信号的响应特征,研制了煤矿突出动力灾害声电瓦斯智能监测预警装备及系统,制定了掘进和回采工作面声电瓦斯分布式监测方法,进一步分析了煤矿突出动力灾害发生过程声电瓦斯响应前兆和其他扰动信号的时域-频域变化规律及其复杂演化特性,建立了突出危险声电前兆智能识别方法,基于此构建了煤矿突出动力灾害声电瓦斯监测预警技术体系,形成了煤矿突出动力灾害声电瓦斯综合智能分级预警方法,开发了煤矿突出动力灾害监测预警信息实时共享云平台,并选取现场典型案例对煤矿突出动力灾害声电瓦斯智能监测预警方法进行了应用验证;通过装备布设、数据集成及声电瓦斯特征挖掘与耦合关系综合判识,实现了突出动力灾害的智能精准识别及预警,为煤矿突出动力灾害的防控与应用推广提供理论及技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Coal and gas outbursts remain one of the major hazards in deep coal mining in China. With increasing mining depth and intensity, the associated influencing factors and their coupling relationships have become increasingly complex, and the combined effects of high in-situ stress, gas pressure, and gas content markedly increase outburst risk, seriously constraining safe and efficient coal production. Accurate and reliable monitoring and early-warning technologies and equipment have therefore become an urgent necessity for monitoring and preventing outburst dynamic hazards in deep coal mines. A theoretical model of acoustic and electromagnetic effects induced by the failure of gas-bearing coal under stress was researched, forming the foundation for a multi-signal early warning mechanism based on acoustic, electromagnetic, and gas responses. The response characteristics of acoustic, electromagnetic, and gas signals during outburst evolution were clarified, and an intelligent acoustic-electromagnetic-gas monitoring and early-warning equipment and system were developed. Distributed monitoring methods for acoustic-electromagnetic-gas signals in both roadway development and longwall extraction faces were formulated. The precursor characteristics of acoustic, electromagnetic, and gas signals during the disaster evolution process were analyzed, and an intelligent recognition method for these precursors was established. The time–frequency variation patterns and complex evolutionary characteristics of precursor responses and other disturbance signals during outburst development were further investigated. A comprehensive technical system for acoustic-electromagnetic-gas monitoring and early warning was constructed, along with a hierarchical multi-signal fusion warning approach. A real-time cloud platform was also developed for the integration and sharing of monitoring and warning data. Typical field cases were selected to validate the proposed intelligent acoustic-electromagnetic-gas monitoring and early-warning method in engineering applications. Field validation confirmed that intelligent and accurate identification and early warning of coal and gas outbursts can be achieved through the deployment of specialized equipment, data integration, and comprehensive analysis of signal features and coupling relationships. This work provides theoretical and technical support for the prevention, control, and engineering-scale application of coal and gas outburst hazards in deep coal mines.

     

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