Abstract: To address the severe deformation and instability of gateway surrounding rock under intense mining-induced stress during deep mine panel extraction, this study takes the track downhill in the II63 mining area of Hengyuan Coal Mine as the engineering background. A comprehensive research methodology integrating numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field testing was employed to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of gateway surrounding rock under deep mining conditions and its control technology. The “transfer path” of mining-induced stress was clarified, revealing the mechanism behind the deformation and instability of gateway surrounding rock under the influence of strong mining-induced stress from panel extraction. Based on the “transfer path” theory and the pressure arch theory, key parameters for hydraulic fracturing for pressure relief were derived. A hydraulic fracturing pressure relief control technology for gateway surrounding rock in deep mining conditions was proposed and applied on-site. The results indicate that panel extraction in deep mines causes mining-induced stress to “transfer” towards the gateway surrounding rock through the rock mass ahead of the goaf, which is the primary cause of the severe deformation and failure. Based on the “transfer path” and pressure arch theory, a formula was established to calculate the height of the “transfer stratum” for hydraulic fracturing roof cutting and pressure relief in the mining-affected gateway. It was confirmed that the “transfer stratum” responsible for the large deformation is a 6.1 m thick fine sandstone layer. Consequently, key parameters for hydraulic fracturing roof cutting were calculated: the roof cutting angle, water injection pressure, borehole spacing, and borehole layout pattern. Numerical simulation confirmed that after cutting the “transfer stratum,” the peak stress on the left and right sides of the gateway decreased by 8.16% and 17.52% respectively, and the convergence of the roof and floor was reduced by 57.67%. Industrial-scale tests of hydraulic fracturing were conducted in the II636 panel. The water injection pressure for fracturing the “transfer stratum” ranged from 20 to 29 MPa. Within half an hour of fracturing, the radius of hydraulic fracture propagation exceeded 10 m, with an average radius of 15 m and a maximum radius of 20 m for the interconnected fracture network. Hydraulic fracturing successfully severed the “transfer path” of mining-induced stress to the gateway. The roof-to-floor convergence of the gateway was reduced by approximately 62.6%, and the sidewall convergence was reduced by approximately 48.8%. The maximum height of the gateway increased from 1.8 to 3.2 m, and the cross-sectional area reduction rate decreased by 43.75%. The research findings provide significant theoretical guidance and practical application value for controlling the stability of gateway surrounding rock under deep mining conditions.