Abstract: Coal and gas outburst is a kind of mine dynamic disaster that occurs in underground coal mines, often causing mass casualties and seriously restricting the safe and efficient production of coal mines. Chinese scholars have conducted extensive research and exploration in the prevention of coal and gas outburst, providing theoretical basis and technical guidance for on-site practice of coal and gas outburst prevention and control, and achieving remarkable results. This paper systematically summarizes the important achievements on the occurrence mechanism, prediction and prevention technology of coal and gas outburst in China, and discusses the representative innovative achievements made during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period. The comprehensive action hypothesis recognizingthe combined effect of “in-situ stress, gas parameters and coal and rock mass strength” plays a dominant role in the occurrence mechanism of coal and gas outburst. The prediction of coal and gas outburst has gradually upgradedfrom single-factor index to multi-factor comprehensive index. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, scholars have developed a variety of outburst prediction algorithms and models, achieving a transformation from “experience-driven” to “data-driven” in outburst prediction. Based on the main factors inducing outburst occurrence, the “unloading, depressurization, resistance” combined prevention technologies for outburst coal seams are proposed. By this, the innovative achievements of Chinese scholars in outburst prevention and control technology are systematically summarized, and the current problems in outburst prevention and control technology are analyzed. Finally, to overcome the difficult issuesof preventing outburst in deep outburst coal seams characterized by“high geostress-gas pressure-temperature, low permeability, and strong disturbance”, the future development trends and prospects of the occurrence mechanism, prediction methods and prevention technologies of coal and gas outburst are proposed, with the aim of improving the theoretical level and technical capabilities of coal and gas outburst prevention in China.