Abstract: As the dominant energy source in China, coal mining, storage, and transportation continually face prominent occupational health risks and coal dust explosion hazards, which severely constrain the industry’s safety and sustainable development. To achieve the goal of intrinsic safety in coal mine production, this paper systematically reviews the technical principles and mechanisms of current dust control and explosion prevention technologies. It proposes an integrated concept of dust suppression and explosion prevention centered on “source control and intrinsic safety,” and outlines future development directions. At the theoretical research level, a systematic understanding has been formed regarding dust migration patterns, wetting and agglomeration mechanisms, and explosion characteristics: dust diffusion is influenced by the multi-field coupling of airflow, dust sources, and spatial configuration; wettability is regulated by functional group types and particle size, while agglomeration is governed by the synergistic effects of inertial, diffusional, and electrostatic mechanisms; explosion sensitivity and intensity parameters are closely related to the oil content, particle size, and environmental conditions of coal dust. At the technological research level, dust prevention and control have established a full-process system encompassing “source dust reduction, process dust control, individual protection,” while explosion prevention has constructed a three-tier protection chain of “explosion prevention, explosion suppression, explosion isolation”. Based on the above theoretical and technical foundations, an integrated dust suppression and explosion prevention framework centered on whole-process coordination is proposed, aiming to achieve full coverage from dust source control to explosion propagation blocking. This framework focuses on two main research directions: the development of integrated system equipment and multi-functional composite materials, to overcome key challenges such as weak sensing-decision foundations, a lack of dynamic evolution models for the dust accumulation-to-explosion chain, unclear structure-property relationships in composite materials, and insufficient environmental adaptability. Future research should focus on deepening the understanding of multi-phase medium and explosion coupling mechanisms, innovating environmentally adaptive materials and smart sensing devices, and establishing an integrated “perception-decision-material-execution” intelligent collaborative system. By breaking through these scientific and technical bottlenecks, it is expected to systematically advance the reliability and intelligence of integrated dust suppression and explosion prevention technologies. This will provide a solid foundation for the green, safe, and efficient high-quality development of the coal industry and contribute to the comprehensive construction of intrinsically safe mines.