Abstract: With the deep integration of next-generation information technologies and intelligent equipment, mining production is rapidly transforming from labor-intensive operations toward digitalized, intelligent, and unmanned paradigms. Mining robots, as key enablers of intrinsically safe and efficient mining, have been widely applied in inspection and monitoring, auxiliary production operations, and disaster rescue scenarios. This paper systematically reviews the global development landscape and policy-driven trends of mining robotics, and comparatively analyzes inspection, operation-assist, and rescue robots, highlighting representative research progress and technical challenges. It is pointed out that current mining robots still face bottlenecks in complex environmental perception, precise autonomous control, cooperative operation, and system reliability.A universal technical architecture and a task-oriented system framework for mining robots are constructed, emphasizing the core technology chain of multimodal perception, intelligent decision-making, force/position hybrid control, and compliant execution. Furthermore, the development status of China’s mining robot industry is analyzed from the perspectives of upstream core components, midstream system integration, and downstream application scenarios, revealing critical chokepoint issues in technological autonomy. The study suggests that future research should focus on robust environmental perception, intelligent behavior planning, adaptive compliant operation, and multi-robot collaboration, aiming to establish replicable and scalable intelligent robotic systems to support safe and efficient mining.