Abstract: The stable output of China's open-pit coal mines is crucial to ensuring the secure and stable supply of national energy. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's open-pit coal mines have witnessed continuous development, contributing to national energy supply security, scientific and technological progress, work safety, and ecological and environmental protection.It systematically summarizes the major achievements of China's open-pit coal mines since the 14th Five-Year Plan in terms of production scale, intelligent equipment level, ecological governance effectiveness, scientific and technological innovation, standards and specifications, construction of key laboratories, scientific and technological research. It also analyzes the main challenges at the present stage, including the weak application of continuous mining technology and equipment, inadequate monitoring and early warning for concealed disasters, incomplete “air-space-ground” ecological governance systems, insufficient integration of new quality productive forces with industrial operations, and difficulties in breaking through key technologies for unmanned mine construction.A framework of key projects for open-pit coal mines during the 15th Five-Year Plan period is proposed. Centering on five major projects-optimization and upgrading of mining systems, construction of monitoring and early warning systems, “air-space-ground” ecological restoration, integration of new quality productive forces in mines, and construction of unmanned mines—15 key tasks. These include innovating mining, haulage and dumping processes, low-carbon mining of ultra-thick coal seams, research on large-scale equipment technologies, recovery of coal pressed by end slopes, detection technologies for concealed disasters, development of monitoring and early warning systems, research on equipment fault diagnosis, ecological restoration and environmental governance, source-oriented ecological damage reduction technologies, promotion of zero-carbon mine construction, exploration of soil recovery technologies, application of multimodal large models, intelligent mining design software, development of digital twin platforms, low-carbon dispatching of truck-shovel-station intelligent agents, and key projects for unmanned mine construction. The development path of China's open-pit coal mines in the 15th Five-Year Plan period is put forward.This study can provide theoretical support and practical references for accelerating the safe, efficient, low-carbon and green development of open-pit coal mines in the new era, and help build China into a strong country in open-pit coal mining.