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保德煤矿智能综放工作面感知–决策–控制闭环系统集成研究

System Integration of a Perception–Decision–Control Closed–Loop for an Intelligent Fully Mechanized Top-Coal Caving Face at Baode Coal Mine

  • 摘要: 针对厚煤层综放工作面空间感知不完整、采煤机截割控制精度不足、放煤过程煤矸状态难以实时判识以及采煤机–液压支架–后部刮板输送机协同能力不足等问题,以保德煤矿81203智能综放工作面为工程背景,开展感知–决策–控制闭环系统集成与应用研究。构建基于三维巡检机器人和激光同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)的工作面空间重构方法,融合透明地质模型、惯导高程与实际截割数据开展数字化割煤规划;基于IU-Net语义分割结果计算图像表面含矸率,结合记忆放煤参数学习与长短期记忆(LSTM)网络放煤时长预测,建立“预测时长–含矸率阈值”双重止放判据;依托地面分控中心实现透明地质、三维巡检、煤矸识别、智能放煤算法与支架电液控制系统的数据贯通。工业性试验表明,三维巡检机器人的平均定位误差为0.046 m,最大数据传输时延为29 ms;地质模型可支撑最多10个采煤循环的连续推进而无需更新,采煤机自动化率为93.6%,平均控制误差为66.92 mm,最大误差为100 mm;81203工作面现场图像的煤矸识别平均精确率为86.62%,当图像表面含矸率阈值设为5%、20%、30%和50%时,系统均可触发相应液压支架自动止放;81202工作面前期试验中,记忆放煤学习时长与实际放煤时长的平均误差为2.11 s。结果表明,所构建系统实现了空间感知、截割规划、煤矸判识、放煤决策与支架执行的闭环贯通。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of incomplete spatial perception of fully mechanized caving face in thick coal seam, insufficient cutting control accuracy of shearer, difficult real-time identification of coal gangue state in caving process and insufficient coordination ability of shearer-hydraulic support-back scraper conveyor, taking 81203 intelligent fully mechanized caving face of Baode Coal Mine as the engineering background, the integration and application research of perception-decision-control closed-loop system is carried out. The spatial reconstruction method of working face based on three-dimensional inspection robot and laser simultaneous localization and mapping ( SLAM ) is constructed, and the digital coal cutting planning is carried out by integrating transparent geological model, inertial navigation elevation and actual cutting data. Based on the IU-Net semantic segmentation results, the gangue content on the image surface is calculated. Combined with the memory coal drawing parameter learning and the long-term and short-term memory ( LSTM ) network coal drawing time prediction, the “prediction time-gangue content threshold” double stop criterion is established. Relying on the ground sub-control center, the data of transparent geology, three-dimensional inspection, coal gangue identification, intelligent coal caving algorithm and support electro-hydraulic control system are connected. The industrial test shows that the average positioning error of the three-dimensional inspection robot is 0.046 m, and the maximum data transmission delay is 29 ms. The geological model can support the continuous propulsion of up to 10 coal mining cycles without updating. The automation rate of the shearer is 93.6%, the average control error is 66.92 mm, and the maximum error is 100 mm. The average accuracy of coal gangue recognition in the field image of 81203 working face is 86.62%. When the threshold of gangue content on the image surface is set to 5%, 20%, 30% and 50%, the system can trigger the corresponding hydraulic support to stop automatically. In the pre-working stage test of 81202, the average error between the learning time of memory coal caving and the actual coal caving time is 2.11 s. The results show that the constructed system realizes the closed-loop connection of space perception, cutting planning, coal gangue identification, coal drawing decision and support execution.

     

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