Abstract: To address the challenges encountered in the coordinated development of ultra-large open-pit coal mine clusters, including decentralized production organization, inefficient resource allocation, insufficient coordination of mining systems, and incomplete intelligent management and control systems, a study on the construction and development management mode of a billion-ton open-pit coal mine cluster is conducted based on the open-pit coal mine cluster in the CHN Energy Xinjiang Region. According to the resource conditions, spatial distribution, and production system characteristics of the mining area, the concept of an open-pit coal mine cluster is defined, and an overall architecture consisting of a cluster control layer, a regional operation and maintenance layer, and a mine production layer is established. The cluster layout and phased development objectives are proposed. To satisfy the requirements of coordinated multi-mine development, a technical system is developed, including coordinated multi-mine mining and resource integration, cluster-oriented production capacity optimization, collaborative adaptation of semi-continuous and continuous mining technologies, integrated safety and green monitoring and prevention of slope hazards, and a two-level intelligent collaborative management and control system for both the cluster and individual mines. On this basis, a development management mode covering construction coordination, process collaboration, operational regulation, business integration, and data feedback is established. The results indicate that the proposed production capacity optimization method clarifies the relationship between scientific production capacity and the maximum production capacity under technical constraints, providing a basis for overall capacity allocation and resilience assurance within the cluster. A coordinated mining scheme integrating multi-mine collaboration, resource sharing, and coordinated mining system configuration is developed, achieving optimized mining–dumping relationships, coordinated production systems, and intensive infrastructure utilization. Unified principles for configuring semi-continuous and continuous mining technologies, together with a standardized system for key equipment, are proposed. An integrated “space–air–ground–deep” slope safety and green monitoring system and a two-level intelligent collaborative management architecture are established to support cross-mine data integration, coordinated resource allocation, and business collaboration. In addition, a cluster operation mode combining base production capacity with resilience assurance capacity, together with a three-level business application architecture and a data governance system, is developed to support coordinated management throughout planning and construction, production operation, operational management, and intelligent decision-making. An overall architecture, a key technology system, and a development management mode for open-pit coal mine clusters are established, providing a systematic organizational framework and technical approach for the coordinated development and integrated operation of ultra-large open-pit coal mine clusters.