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知识嵌入的煤矿提升机智能运维垂域大模型构建与应用

Construction and application of a knowledge-embedded domain-specific large model for intelligent operation and maintenance of coal mine hoist

  • 摘要: 煤矿提升机是矿井生产运输的核心设备,其安全稳定运行是保障矿井连续生产和安全作业的重要基础。通用大语言模型在提升机运维场景中面临物理信号理解能力不足、视觉感知能力弱、智能决策可靠性不足等问题。为此,构建了一种知识嵌入的煤矿提升机智能运维垂域大模型,建立了振动信号机理感知、视觉结构化证据生成与领域知识增强决策协同融合的智能运维框架。模型通过多头交叉注意力机制实现振动信号物理特征与大语言模型语义空间对齐,并引入机理知识注入策略提升故障诊断的可解释性;建立面向多视觉任务的外部算子智能调度机制,将首绳晃动、尾绳缠绕、箕斗余煤等关键部件状态转化为结构化语义证据;结合检索增强生成技术,融合安全规程、维护手册和历史台账等领域知识,提升模型输出可靠性。在公开轴承数据集上的测试结果表明,模型故障诊断平均准确率达99.44%,在自建煤矿提升机现场视觉数据集上,视觉检测平均精度达96.67%。基于所构建的垂域大模型,研发了煤矿提升机智能运维大模型平台,该平台集成数字孪生状态监控、大模型智能问答、动态知识库管理和视觉模型全流程管理等功能。在淮北许疃煤矿的工程应用结果表明,平台能够支撑多源异构数据接入、异常状态识别、领域知识检索和规范化运维报告生成等任务,提升了运维决策的可解释性、规范性与工程适用性,为煤矿装备由传统状态监测向知识驱动的智能运维转型提供了新的技术路径。

     

    Abstract: The mine hoist is the core equipment for production and transportation in coal mines, and its safe and stable operation is a critical foundation for ensuring continuous production and safe operations. General-purpose large language models face challenges in hoist operation and maintenance (O&M) scenarios, such as insufficient understanding of physical signals, weak visual perception capabilities, and inadequate reliability in intelligent decision-making. To address these issues, a knowledge-embedded vertical domain large model for intelligent O&M of coal mine hoists is constructed, establishing an intelligent O&M framework that integrates vibration signal mechanism perception, visual structured evidence generation, and domain knowledge-enhanced decision-making. The model aligns the physical features of vibration signals with the semantic space of the large language model through a multi-head cross-attention mechanism, and introduces a mechanism knowledge injection strategy to enhance the interpretability of fault diagnosis. An external operator intelligent scheduling mechanism for multi-vision tasks is established to convert the states of key components, such as head rope sway, tail rope entanglement, and residual coal in skips, into structured semantic evidence. By incorporating retrieval-augmented generation technology, domain knowledge including safety regulations, maintenance manuals, and historical logs is integrated to improve the reliability of model outputs. Test results on public bearing datasets show that the model achieved an average fault diagnosis accuracy of 99.44%, while on a self-built on-site visual dataset for coal mine hoists, the visual average detection accuracy reached up to 96.67%. Based on the constructed vertical domain large model, an intelligent O&M large model platform for coal mine hoists was developed, integrating functions such as digital twin state monitoring, large model intelligent question answering, dynamic knowledge base management, and full-process management of visual models. Engineering application results at the Xutuan Coal Mine in Huaibei demonstrate that the platform supports tasks including multi-source heterogeneous data access, abnormal state identification, domain knowledge retrieval, and standardized O&M report generation, thereby enhancing the interpretability, standardization, and engineering applicability of O&M decision-making. This provides a new technological pathway for the transformation of coal mine hoisting equipment from traditional condition monitoring to knowledge-driven intelligent O&M.

     

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