Open-pit mine slope optimization with the morphology and spatial support effect
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摘要:
为探究露天煤矿到界边坡的坡面形态优化设计方法，以国家能源集团神华新疆黑山露天矿南帮边坡为工程实例，应用简化Bishop法，基于边坡断面形态效应理论，设计了边坡在二维视角下不同凹凸程度的坡面形态并进行了稳定性评价与对比，得到较优设计；基于强度折减法，应用数值模拟方法仿真了较优坡面形态在边坡三维支挡作用下的形变过程，通过分析形变特性，进一步提高边坡坡面的凹凸程度得到了最优坡面形态。结果表明：二维设计条件下，受局部边坡稳定性的限制，在黑山露天矿南帮边坡+2 385 m水平以下自底周界向上依次布置两组组合台阶，可得凹凸程度较优的坡面形态，坡面的整体稳定性系数为1.344，局部稳定性系数为1.204。三维设计条件下，较优形态在内排土场与横采工作帮的三维支挡作用影响下，边坡局部与整体的稳定性均得到改善，存在进一步形态优化的空间。可在较优形态基础上，通过增设一组组合台阶的方式局部加陡+2 430 m水平以下边坡区段以取得最优坡面形态。最优形态在数值模拟边坡形变过程中，进入临界失稳前变速阶段后呈现的形变速度相对缓慢，模拟结果稳定，最终强度折减系数为1.20。最优形态在地表界与底周界不变的前提下，保障黑山露天矿边坡安全的同时可节省首采区岩石剥离量约384万m3。
Abstract:In order to explore the optimal design method of slope morphology of open-pit coal mine, the south slope of Heishan Open-pit Mine was taken as an engineering example. Based on the simplified Bishop method and the theory of slope morphology effect, the slope with different concave and convex degrees under the two-dimensional perspective was designed, and the stability evaluations are carried out to obtain the better slope morphology. Based on the strength reduction method, the numerical simulation method is used to simulate the deformation process of the better slope morphology under the action of three-dimensional retaining. By analyzing the deformation characteristics, the optimal slope morphology is obtained by further improving the concave and convex degree of the slope surface. The results show that the slope morphology with better concave and convex degree under the two-dimensional design conditions is obtained. Due to the limitation of local slope stability, only two groups of composite steps can be arranged from the bottom to the top below the level of + 2385 m in the southern slope. The overall stability coefficient of the slope is 1.344, and the local stability coefficient is 1.204. Under the condition of three-dimensional design, the local and overall stability of the slope is improved under the influence of the support from the internal dump and the horizontal mining working side, and there is further morphological optimization space. On the basis of the better shape, the optimal slope shape can be obtained by adding a group of combined steps to local steepen the slope section below + 2430 m level. In the process of numerical simulation , the deformation speed presented is relatively slow after entering the variable speed stage before critical instabilityand the final strength reduction coefficient is 1.20. Under the premise that the surface boundary and bottom boundary are unchanged, the optimal slope morphology can ensure the slope safety and save about 3.84 million cubic meters of rock stripping in the first mining area.
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表 1 岩土体物理力学指标
Table 1 Geotechnical physical mechanics index
岩层 黏聚力/kPa 摩擦角/(°) 容重/(kN•m−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 中砂岩 88 38.9 26.1 3.38 0.29 煤 45 29 14.1 0.8 0.33 粉砂岩 82 40 26.6 5.48 0.28 
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