Abstract: Mining activities provide raw materials and energy for the development of urbanization, thus presented as one of the pillar industries of the national economy. However, the extraction of minerals is confronted with high energy consumption, lower energy efficiency, and a heavy emission burden. The Opinion on Accelerating the Green Mining Construction, issued by the Ministry of Natural Sources and other ministries, points out clearly that developing high-efficiency and energy-saving mining equipment is urgent. Mining trucks are the representative mineral transportation solution. Developing and implementing clean, efficient, and energy-saving mining trucks could promote energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions during mineral transportation, forming a crucial part of the accomplishment of green mining and carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The flourishing development of new energy vehicles in China forms a solid technical foundation for solving the mining trucks problem. In this review, the necessity of developing clean and efficient mining trucks is proposed based on energy efficiency, emission, and economic analysis. Focusing on the power sources of mining trucks, four alternative energy solutions, including battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell, natural gas engine, and methanol engine, are analyzed. Through the thorough review of government policy and regulation, mining truck original equipment manufacturers, and mining truck consumers’ strategy, the energy-efficient and environmental-friendly mining truck application and research trends are summarized. On the target of transmission and traction, the hybrid electric powertrain and optimal traction control are examined by counting the onboard energy conversion efficiency. In conclusion, the scenario-based energy supply chain could support carbon neutrality in future mining.