Abstract: Xinjiang province, abundant with coal resource, is an important coal resource continuation area and strategic reserve area in China. Reasonable disposal and resource utilization of coal-based solid wastes generated during mining and utilization is one of the difficult problems restricting the environmental protection of mining areas. This paper summarizes and analyzes the physical and chemical characteristics, classification and its geological background of coal-based solid wastes in Xinjiang. The analysis shows that there are obvious regional differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of coal-based solid wastes generated in the four major coal fields of Tuha, Junggar, Yili and Kubai. The coal gangue generated in the low metamorphic coalfield area is mostly sandstone, clay rock, and calcareous rock. Through the comprehensive evaluation of typical coal-based solid wastes, the industrial chain layout model of cascade resource utilization of coal-based solid waste in Xinjiang is proposed. Based on the in-situ filling of coal-based solid wastes, a new method for the coordinated development of water-preserving mining, water purification mining, and energy storage mining is proposed. Coal-based solid waste-electricity-chemical, coal-based solid waste-electricity-construction and other high value-added development and utilization industrial layout models are discussed. Then, the principle and technical route of comprehensive resource utilization methods such as power generation utilization, building materials utilization, chemical product preparation, filling disposal and engineering filling are elaborated in detail. Finally, a high-efficiency and intensive mining technology for coal resources with the goal of rational disposal of gangue and water resources protection is proposed. These research results will have important practical significance for optimizing the layout of the coal industry, cascade resource utilization of coal-based solid wastes, and ecological environment protection in Xinjiang mining areas