Abstract: The compatibility of mechanical properties of bolt components is the key factor to realize the full play of bolt supporting ability. The mismatch of bolt components easily leads to the uncoordinated deformation of bolt,which makes it break under abnormal load and seriously affects the roadway supporting effect. Based on the analysis of the deformation and failure of the bolt supporting roadway components,the mechanical properties and matching of bolt nut,supporting plate,self-aligning ball pad and antifriction pad are studied. The results show that:the bearing capacity of the bolt joint is positively correlated with the nut strength grade,internal thread tooth height and thickness; the nut strength of No. 500 bolt body should not be lower than grade 6,the tooth height should not be less than 0.7H,and the nut thickness should not be less than 20 mm; the bearing capacity of the supporting plate is related to the thickness and arch height of the supporting plate,and the supporting plate arch height must reach a certain height in order to have sufficient bearing capacity; ball cushion 1010 nylon gasket has high conversion coefficient of preload and certain ductility,which can effectively play the role of friction reduction. Finally,the technical requirements of bolt components are determined,the selection principles and mechanical parameters of bolt components with different strength grades are put forward,and the corresponding bolt components are developed,and the test results are good.