Abstract: The prominent contradiction between high ground stress and low strength of surrounding rock in deep strata of coal mine leads to large deformation and instability disaster after roadway excavation. In order to grasp the internal deformation of surrounding rock before and after roadway excavation and support in time, this study developed a quasi-distributed large-range strain sensor cable based on weak fiber grating sensing technology, and realized the 1 m-level spacing arrangement of deformation measuring points in surrounding rock. The test performance of the sensor cable is mastered through the indoor calibration test. The test results show that the strain range of the developed strain sensing cable is not less than 0.04, the sensitivity is 1.23 pm/με, and the accuracy level is 0.5. It belongs to the high-precision sensor and has good repeatability and linearity. Field industrial test was carried out in deep rock roadway of No. 4 Coal Mine of Pingdingshan Tian’an Coal Shares The results show that: The strain value of surrounding rock decreases with the increase of hole depth. The strain value of surrounding rock within 4 m is larger, and the strain value outside 7 m is smaller and tends to be stable. The strain of roadway surrounding rock mainly occurs within 30 days after roadway repair, and then the strain increase of roadway surrounding rock gradually decreases and tends to be stable. Taking the rapid convergence position of strain rate to 0 as the boundary of surrounding rock loose zone, the boundary of roadway side and top loose zone is 5 m, and the boundary of shoulder loose zone is 4 m. Through the comprehensive application of weak fiber grating technology and time division multiplexing technology, the strain optical cable greatly improves the multiplexing capacity of optical fiber sensing network and meets the large range and fine online monitoring requirements of surrounding rock deformation monitoring in deep roadway of coal mine. Through technical application, the internal deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of deep roadway in coal mine and the spatio-temporal evolution law of loose circle can be mastered in time, which provides scientific basic data for the stability control decision of surrounding rock of deep roadway.