大倾角大采高采场塑性区分布及主控因素分析

张浩; 伍永平; 解盘石

doi:10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2022-0949

大倾角大采高采场塑性区分布及主控因素分析

张浩^{1, 2,},
伍永平^{1, 2},
解盘石^{1, 2}

1.
西安科技大学能源学院, 陕西西安　710054
2.
西部矿井开采及灾害防治教育部重点实验室, 陕西西安　710054

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52104147，51774230）

详细信息

作者简介:
张浩: （1990—），男，陕西汉中人，助理工程师，硕士研究生。E-mail：645115474@qq.com

中图分类号: TD323
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-18

Plastic zone distribution and main controlling factors analysis of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam

ZHANG Hao^{1, 2,},
WU Yongping^{1, 2},
XIE Panshi^{1, 2}

1.
School of Mineral Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710054, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China（52104147，51774230）

摘要

摘要:
大倾角大采高工作面煤壁临空高度大，自由运移空间广，自稳平衡性差，煤壁在工作面内并非独体，其会与围岩及支架等介体组成承载结构，且采动行为间密切联动，倾角效应极易促使煤壁所处应力环境异化，诱使其响应行为复杂化，增加煤壁及围岩稳定性控制难度，制约工作面安全高效生产。为解决大倾角大采高工作面煤壁稳定性控制难题，综合采用理论分析、数值计算法进行研究。研究得出大倾角煤层大采高工作面塑性区内应力呈指数曲线状递增，煤壁邻域存在非对称拱状残余应力影响区，塑性区广度分区异化，广度由大到小依次为上部、中部、下部，分布形态呈梯级拱状，塑性区内煤体会重复性承压，并会随塑性区扩展增强；采高增大，煤壁邻域残余支承压力降低，煤壁前方煤体承压强度、位移幅度及受扰动范围均会增加；倾角效应下煤壁应力及运移分区式发展，其中，应力由大到小依次为下部、上部、中部，位移由大到小依次为中部、上部、下部，此外，伪斜布置下工作面倾角会诱使煤壁失稳模式转换，伪斜角大时，工作面倾角小，支承压力压缩分力作用增强，主要发生外凸片落式破坏，反之，则为采动应力及煤体自重倾向分力耦合性侧压下滑移失稳。综合分析可知，倾角及采高耦合作用下煤壁采动性状区域异化，且由于工作面中部、上部应力卸荷、运移量均较大，故此两域应为大倾角大采高工作面煤壁失稳重点防控区。
- 大倾角 /
- 大采高 /
- 三维模型 /
- 煤壁稳定性 /
- 塑性区
Abstract:
Coal wall of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam has large free height, wide free movement space and poor self-stabilization balance, coal wall is not an isolated body in the face, it can form a load-bearing structure with the surrounding rock, supports and other mediators, and the mining behavior is closely linked. The dip angle effect can easily promote the dissimilation of the coal wall bearing environment, complicate its response behavior, increase the difficulty of coal wall and surrounding rock stability control, and restrict the safe and efficient production of the face. In order to solve the problem of coal wall stability control of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation are comprehensively used for research. The stress in the plastic zone of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam increases exponentially, there is an asymmetric arch residual stress influence zone in the vicinity of the coal wall, the plastic zone breadth is dissimilated in different regions, and the width from large to small is the upper, middle and lower part, and the distribution pattern is in the shape of stepped arch, coal in the plastic zone bears repeated pressure, and will be enhanced with the expansion of plastic zone. As the mining height increases, the residual abutment pressure near the coal wall decreases, the compressive strength, displacement value and disturbed range of the coal in front of the coal wall will increase. The stress and transport of the coal wall under the dip angle effect develop in a zonal manner, in which the stress distribution is lower> upper> middle, while for the displacement is middle> upper> lower. In addition, the working face inclination under the oblique angle will lead to the transformation of the coal wall instability mode, when the oblique angle is large, the dip angle of face is small, the compression component of abutment pressure is enhanced, and the external convex spalling mainly occurs. On the contrary, it’s the sliding instability under the coupling of mining stress and self weight. The comprehensive analysis shows that the coal wall mining behavior is regionally heterogeneous under the coupling effect of dip angle and mining height, and because the stress unloading and migration in the middle and upper part of the face are larger, therefore the two regions should be the key prevention and control areas for coal wall instability of large mining height face in steeply dipping panel.
- steeply dipping /
- large mining height /
- three-dimensional model /
- coal wall stability /
- plasticity area

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图 1 煤层柱状

Figure 1. Coal seam histogram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 数值模型

Figure 2. Numerical model

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图 3 大倾角大采高工作面走向塑性区演变

Figure 3. Evolution of strike plastic zone of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam

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图 4 煤体应力分析模型

Figure 4. Coal stress analysis model

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图 5 煤壁前方应力分布

Figure 5. Stress distribution in front of rib

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图 6 大倾角大采高工作面围岩应力

Figure 6. Surrounding rock stress of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam

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图 7 大倾角大采高工作面倾向煤壁前方塑性区演变

Figure 7. Tendency evolution of plastic zone in front of coal wall of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam

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图 8 不同工况下支承压力及塑性区变化曲线

Figure 8. Variation curves of abutment pressure and plastic zone under different mining conditions

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图 9 不同采高煤体应力及位移曲线

Figure 9. Stress and displacement curves of coal with different mining heights

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图 10 采高对煤壁稳定性影响效能

Figure 10. Effectiveness of mining height on coal wall stability

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图 11 大倾角大采高工作面煤壁力学行为分布规律

Figure 11. Distribution law of rib mechanical behavior of large mining height face in steeply dipping coal seam

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图 12 大倾角大采高工作面变伪斜角煤壁失稳特征

Figure 12. Instability characteristics of rib of large mining height face in steeply dipping under variable pseudo angle

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表 1 煤岩力学参数

Table 1 Mechanical parameters of coal and rock

岩性	弹性模量/ GPa	泊松比	抗拉强度/ MPa	黏聚力/ MPa
炭质泥岩	2	0.35	1.1	0.8
5号煤	1	0.30	0.8	0.6
灰白色含粗砾砂岩	2	0.26	1.1	0.8
灰白色中砂岩	1.2	0.31	0.9	1.0
灰黑色粉砂岩	14	0.24	2.0	1.8

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表 2 不同顶板状态工作面矿压实测统计

Table 2 Mine pressure measurement statics of face with different roof conditions

支架编号	最大阻力/kN		平均阻力/kN		周期来压步距/m
支架编号	坚硬顶板	弱化顶板	坚硬顶板	弱化顶板	坚硬顶板	弱化顶板
47	6 940	6 547	5 059	4 558	18	8
33	7 403	6 855	4 968	4 558	18	8
9	5 940	5 400	4 191	3 742	18	8

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