Abstract: According to the present situation of prevention and control of coal mine rock burst in China, several key problems in the prevention and control system of coal mine rock burst are discussed, and the following main conclusions are obtained: from the perspective of disaster control, rock burst and mine earthquake and their relationship are defined, and 32 types of rock burst and 5 types of mine earthquake are put forward through the classification and combination of main force source and coal seam-surrounding rock structure, and it is clear that the goal of rock burst is to eliminate disasters, while mine earthquake needs to be treated according to the degree of disaster; Four impact risk evaluation indexes, namely, foundation stress impact index, additional stress impact index, impact tendency impact index and support strength impact index, are quantified, and a multi-parameter coupling evaluation method of impact risk including stress condition, impact tendency condition and support condition is designed. This paper probes into the monitoring and early warning mechanism of three-level impact hazards in vibration field, stress field and displacement field, puts forward an early warning mechanism combining single-parameter special warning with multi-parameter conventional warning, and designs a joint monitoring method for the excavation-affected area, mining-affected area and non-excavation-affected area. According to the requirements of reducing the impact risk of various factors in multiple evaluation indexes, the prevention and control routes of rock burst with low stress, low disturbance, low inclination and strong support are put forward, and the combination technology of local pressure relief and risk relief measures based on stress and surrounding rock structure classification is designed. In view of the dynamic disasters caused by underground rock burst and ground vibration caused by mine earthquake, the governance levels of such disasters are divided into three levels: prevention and control, symptomatic control and source control, and a multi-level prevention and control technology system of source shock absorption, classified disaster treatment, pressure relief and earthquake resistance is designed.